Quiz 12 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is the volume of air inspired or expired with each breath?
Tidal volume
Tidal volume is a key concept in respiratory physiology, representing the amount of air exchanged during normal breathing.
Most of the carbon dioxide entering the blood is transported how?
converted to bicarbonate ions.
This process is crucial for maintaining blood pH and facilitating gas exchange.
When a lobe of a lung is surgically removed, which factor is altered in relation to gas exchange at the respiratory membrane?
The total surface area of the respiratory membrane
A reduction in lung lobes decreases the surface area available for gas exchange.
The basic rhythm of breathing is controlled by neurons in the ________.
medulla oblongata
The medulla oblongata plays a vital role in regulating involuntary functions, including breathing.
Respiration ensures that ________ enters the body and that ________ exits the body.
oxygen; carbon dioxide
This exchange is essential for cellular respiration and maintaining homeostasis.
Which area of the brainstem is most likely affected if a person cannot breathe on their own due to lack of stimulation of the diaphragm?
The dorsal respiratory group of the medulla
Damage to this area can severely impact automatic breathing control.
The ________ is the entrance of the respiratory tract.
nose
The nose plays a crucial role in filtering, warming, and humidifying air before it enters the lungs.
The ________ are branched from the trachea that insert into the lungs.
primary bronchi
The primary bronchi divide into secondary and tertiary bronchi, further branching into smaller airways.
The ________ is the common passageway for the respiratory and digestive systems.
pharynx
The pharynx serves as a conduit for both air and food, leading to the larynx and esophagus respectively.
The larynx is the air passageway between the ________ and the ________.
pharynx; trachea
The larynx also contains the vocal cords, playing a role in voice production.
Oxygen enters the blood at the lungs because ________.
the partial pressure of oxygen is lower in the blood than in the alveoli.
This gradient allows for the diffusion of oxygen from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration.
The ________ is composed of the alveolar wall and the walls of surrounding capillaries.
respiratory membrane
The respiratory membrane is essential for efficient gas exchange in the lungs.
Which technique would be best for measuring vital capacity using a spirometer?
Lee should take a deep breath and then exhale through the spirometer until he can no longer exhale.
This method ensures the measurement of the maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs.
The left lung has ________ lobes, and the right lung has ________ lobes.
2; 3
The difference in the number of lobes is due to the space occupied by the heart.
The ________ is a membranous tube reinforced by C-shaped cartilage; it is attached to the larynx and extends into the mediastinum.
trachea
The trachea provides a clear airway for air to enter and exit the lungs.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?
Delivery of oxygen to the tissues of the body
While oxygen delivery is vital, it is primarily the circulatory system’s function; the respiratory system focuses on gas exchange.
Arrange the following structures to show the path an oxygen molecule would follow once inhaled: (1) Alveolus, (2) Bronchus, (3) Bronchiole, (4) Laryngopharynx, (5) Larynx, (6) Nasal cavity, (7) Nasopharynx, (8) Oropharynx, (9) Trachea.
6, 7, 8, 5, 4, 9, 2, 3, 1
This sequence illustrates the pathway of air from entry to gas exchange.
Most of the oxygen entering the blood is transported how?
bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells.
Hemoglobin’s high affinity for oxygen is crucial for effective oxygen transport.
To increase CO2 levels in the blood, a person should ________.
hold his breath.
Holding one’s breath prevents CO2 from being expelled, leading to an increase in blood CO2 levels.
Which of the following factors affects gas exchange across the respiratory membrane?
All of the choices are correct.
Factors such as membrane thickness, total surface area, and partial pressures are all critical for effective gas exchange.
