Quiz 13 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What carries blood that is rich in nutrients from the digestive tract to the liver?
hepatic portal vein
The hepatic portal vein is crucial for transporting nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver for processing.
Before carbohydrates can be absorbed at the small intestine, they must first be broken down into ________.
monosaccharides
Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, crucial for absorption.
Which cells of intestinal glands secrete mucus?
goblet
Goblet cells are specialized epithelial cells that produce mucus to lubricate the intestinal lining.
If a person ingests a poison that targets the smooth muscle of the digestive tract, which tunic will be most affected?
Muscularis
The muscularis layer is responsible for the peristaltic movement of the digestive tract.
What is the correct order of sections that material passes through as it moves through the large intestine?
Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
This is the anatomical sequence of the large intestine, crucial for understanding digestive processes.
Celiac disease damages the epithelial cells of the small intestine, causing the intestinal villi to be blunted. What effect does this have on the function of the small intestine?
The surface area for absorption would be decreased, leading to lower levels of nutrient absorption.
Intestinal villi are essential for nutrient absorption due to their large surface area.
Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?
Ingestion of food
While ingestion is part of the digestive process, the primary functions focus on digestion, absorption, and transport.
________, also called chewing, breaks down large food particles into smaller ones.
Mastication
Mastication is the mechanical process of breaking down food that aids digestion.
________ protects the tooth from abrasion and acids produced by bacteria in the mouth.
Enamel
Enamel is the hard outer layer of teeth, providing protection against decay.
Why does rapid movement of chyme through the small intestine often lead to diarrhea?
The large intestine is unable to absorb the extra water that the small intestine failed to absorb.
Rapid transit time can prevent adequate water absorption, leading to loose stools.
The ________ is a ring of smooth muscle that regulates the movement of material out of the stomach and into the small intestine.
pyloric sphincter
The pyloric sphincter controls the flow of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum.
The ________ of a tooth contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue.
pulp cavity
The pulp cavity is vital for the tooth’s vitality and sensation.
As we age, the enamel of our teeth thins. Which of the following is a possible consequence of this age-related change?
All of the choices are correct.
Thinning enamel can lead to various dental issues, including sensitivity and increased risk of decay.
________ waves force chyme toward and through the pyloric sphincter.
Peristaltic
Peristaltic waves are rhythmic contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
All of the following are normal effects of aging on the digestive tract EXCEPT
increased motility of the digestive tract.
Aging typically leads to decreased motility and efficiency in the digestive system.
During gastric bypass surgery, which side effect may result from the procedure?
Low red blood cell count due to lower levels of vitamin B12 absorption
Reduced stomach size can impair absorption of certain nutrients like vitamin B12.
What structure of the stomach wall is most affected by medication that reduces the amount of HCl secreted?
Parietal cells
Parietal cells are responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
________ waves thoroughly mix ingested food with stomach secretions.
Mixing
Mixing waves help blend food with gastric juices for digestion.
The ________ produces bile, an important substance for fat digestion.
liver
The liver plays a crucial role in digestion by producing bile for emulsifying fats.
The four layers of the digestive tract wall, from innermost to outermost, are
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.
These layers each have distinct functions essential for digestive health.
The digestive enzyme ________ is secreted in the saliva and begins carbohydrate digestion.
salivary amylase
Salivary amylase initiates the breakdown of starches into simpler sugars.
During digestion, which of the following statements is NOT true?
The pancreas secretes bile to assist with the digestion of lipids.
Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, not secreted by the pancreas.
The largest of the salivary glands are the ________ glands.
parotid
The parotid glands are significant for saliva production and are located near the ears.
Which phase of swallowing was most likely involved in the accidental swallowing of gum?
Voluntary phase
The voluntary phase involves the conscious act of swallowing before the reflexive phases take over.
