Quiz 14

Question 1

What is the first structure in the kidney to collect newly formed urine?

Answer 1

renal pelvis

The renal pelvis is a funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the calyces and directs it into the ureter.

Question 2

True or False: Dilation of the afferent arteriole would increase glomerular pressure.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

True or False: By the time the glomerular filtrate reaches the tip of the renal pyramid, the concentration of the filtrate is higher than the concentration of the interstitial fluid.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

List the regions of the nephron in the correct order for the process of urine formation.

Answer 4

a, e, b, d, c

The correct order is: Capsular space of glomerulus, Proximal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal convoluted tubule, Collecting duct.

Question 5

How do the kidneys help regulate the pH of body fluids?

Answer 5

excretion of hydrogen ions

The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining acid-base balance through the excretion of hydrogen ions and reabsorption of bicarbonate.

Question 6

Match the component of the urinary system with its description: Carries the urine from the kidneys.

Answer 6

Ureters

Ureters are tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Question 7

Match the component of the urinary system with its description: Transports the urine to the outside of the body.

Answer 7

Urethra

The urethra is the duct through which urine is discharged from the bladder.

Question 8

Match the component of the urinary system with its description: Hollow, muscular container that stores urine.

Answer 8

Bladder

The bladder is a muscular sac that stores urine until it is expelled from the body.

Question 9

Which of the following are functions of the urinary system?

Answer 9

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Functions include: Vitamin D synthesis, Excretion, Regulation of red blood cell synthesis, Regulation of the concentration of solutes in the blood, Regulation of blood volume and pressure.

Question 10

True or False: The kidneys lie on the posterior abdominal wall, within the peritoneum.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

Which portion of the renal tubule reabsorbs electrolytes, plasma proteins, nutrients, vitamins, and water?

Answer 11

Proximal convoluted tubule

The proximal convoluted tubule is primarily responsible for reabsorbing a significant portion of the filtrate.

Question 12

True or False: The internal urinary sphincter is composed of smooth muscle tissue.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Arrange the following structures in the correct sequence: 1. Ureter 2. Renal Pelvis 3. Calyx 4. Urinary Bladder 5. Urethra.

Answer 13

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

The correct sequence is: Ureter, Renal Pelvis, Calyx, Urinary Bladder, Urethra.

Question 14

True or False: The renal corpuscle consists of the Bowman’s capsule and the peritubular capillaries.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Aldosterone causes an increase in Na+ and Cl− ________ from the nephrons, which ________ the volume of urine output.

Answer 15

reabsorption; decreases

Question 16

True or False: The urinary system consists of two kidneys, one ureter, one urinary bladder, and two urethrae.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

List the portions of the urinary system in the correct order: a. Trigone of the bladder b. Urethra c. Ureter d. Urinary bladder.

Answer 17

c, d, a, b

The correct order is: Ureter, Urinary Bladder, Trigone of the bladder, Urethra.

Question 18

The ________ fluid compartment of the body consists of all of the fluid inside the cells, whereas the ________ fluid compartment consists of fluid outside the cells.

Answer 18

intracellular; extracellular

Question 19

An increase of ADH causes the kidneys to ________ the reabsorption of water, causing them to produce ________ urine.

Answer 19

increase; less

Question 20

True or False: The distal convoluted tubule is the primary site for the reabsorption of solutes and water.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Which is NOT a function of the urinary system?

Answer 21

Regulation of lymphocyte production

The urinary system is not involved in the regulation of lymphocyte production, which is primarily a function of the immune system.

Question 22

Potassium levels in the body are regulated by?

Answer 22

aldosterone

Aldosterone helps regulate potassium levels by promoting its excretion in the urine.

Question 23

Where is the micturition reflex initiated?

Answer 23

Urinary bladder

The micturition reflex is initiated when the bladder fills and stretches, signaling the need to urinate.

Question 24

Hypoalbuminemia would cause?

Answer 24

an increase in glomerular filtration pressure

Hypoalbuminemia decreases plasma oncotic pressure, leading to increased glomerular filtration pressure.