Quiz

Question 1

Oxybenzone protects the human skin from the sun’s harmful UV rays. What is the main UV ray that oxybenzone absorbs?

UVA ||
UVB
UVC
Two of the above are correct

Answer 1

Two of the above are correct

Question 2

Which disease is Oxybenzone found to be linked to?
Hirschsprung
Anorectal malformations
Melanoma
Carcinoma

Answer 2

Hirschsprung

Question 3

Which state in the US banned all sunscreens with active ingredients of oxybenzone and octinoxate?
California
Vermont
Washington
Hawaii

Answer 3

Hawaii

Question 4

When oxybenzone reaches the ________, it will make a lethal toxin that damages the entire tissue and can cause extreme bleaching.
Jellyfish
Anemones
Sea pen
Hydra

Answer 4

Anemones

Question 5

Name one environmental impact oxybenzone contributes to other than the bleaching of coral reef mentioned in the presentation.

Answer 5

Another environmental impact that was mentioned in the presentation is rainbow trout’s decrease in egg production when highly exposed to oxybenzone.

Question 6

Describe in your own words how oxybenzone in sunscreen protects humans’ skin.

Answer 6

Oxybenzone protects the human skin by absorbing the sun’s harmful UV rays, such as UVB and UVA. Those UV rays are found to cause sunburns, skin cancer and aging.

Question 7

How does the dying of coral reefs affect marine life?

Answer 7

Coral reefs provide habitat for about 25% of marine life. For those creatures, the reef provides essential food, shelter and the spawning grounds. Thus, the dying of coral reefs would mean the loss of habitat for a large portion of ocean species, which would cause a significant threat to those species. This would potentially cause an imbalance in the ecosystem and further reduction in biodiversity.

Question 8

Why do you think humans still choose to use sunscreen with oxybenzone even though they know it harms the environment?

Answer 8

I think one of the main reasons for why humans still use it is because of its convenience. Since most sunscreens on the market include oxybenzone, humans tend to not want to spend the time in looking at the ingredients list and specifically look for a sunscreen without oxybenzone. This is similar to our use of plastic. Despite knowing that it significantly contributes to global warming, it is so convenient that it is almost impossible to get rid of.

Question 9

Oxybenzone is known to have a harmful effect on the environment. How would you design an alternative sunscreen to reduce the effect?

Answer 9

A possible solution is to design a mineral sunscreen instead of a chemical sunscreen. This can be done by substituting oxybenzone with an alternative compound such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, which are two other ingredients used in sunscreens that are found to be effective in preventing sunburns. Additionally, I would also make the packaging clear that this sunscreen does not contain oxybenzone and is friendly to the environment, attracting consumers to buy this sunscreen instead of the others, which have a high chance of containing oxybenzone.

Question 10

Do you believe that the pros of banning oxybenzone would be greater than the cons? Explain your answer.

Answer 10

I believe that the pros of banning oxybenzone would be greater than the cons. As mentioned in the presentation, oxybenzone causes significant damage to marine life. I think that the damage to marine life would eventually have an impact on humans as well. For example, lots of our food, especially seafood, comes from the ocean. The dying of fishes would mean the loss of human’s source of food too. While some might say that banning oxybenzone would negatively impact the economy, I believe that damaging the environment would cause much greater effects.

Question 11

What is the main component of a typical photovoltaic (PV) solar panel?
Copper
Iron
Silicon
Silver

Answer 11

Silicon

Question 12

Which country is currently the largest producer of solar energy in the world?
India
United States
Germany
China

Answer 12

China

Question 13

Which of the following is a disadvantage of solar energy?
Low initial installation costs
Limited availability of sunlight
Harmful emissions during operation
High maintenance requirements

Answer 13

High maintenance requirements

Question 14

. Which of the following is an example of a concentrated solar power (CSP) system?
A solar-powered water heater
A solar-powered calculator
A solar-powered airplane
A solar thermal power plant

Answer 14

A solar thermal power plant

Question 15

Who discovered the photovoltaic effect?
Edmond Becquerel
Charles Fritts
Daryl Chapin
Calvin Fuller

Answer 15

Edmond Becquerel

Question 16

What is your opinion on solar technology?

Answer 16

It is an important invention:Renewable energy source, clean and environmentally friendly, energy independence, cost savings, diverse applications, scalability and modularity, job creation……
It is unnecessary: high initial costs, land and space Requirements, geographic limitations, environmental impact of manufacturing

Question 17

Why is solar technology important?

Answer 17

Economic Growth Opportunity(Solar energy industry creates more jobs than any other US sector)
Energy Independence(Not reliant on the power grid which is prone to outages,
Less vulnerable to changing gas costs, When paired with a backup battery system)

Question 18

How can solar energy help in reducing air pollution?

Answer 18

Solar energy helps in reducing air pollution by displacing the use of fossil fuels, which are significant contributors to air pollution. Solar power generation produces electricity without emitting harmful pollutants like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, which have adverse effects on human health and the environment.

Question 19

What is one disadvantage of solar technology?

Answer 19

Cost: Solar panels are expensive to purchase
Weather dependent: Solar technology can only get power when the sun is out. So when it is night or during winter solar technologies have trouble generating power .
Take up space: When trying to generate large amounts of power through solar panels it will require a huge area to place these solar panels.

Question 20

Why are solar panels made of semiconductive materials?

Answer 20

When this material is exposed to photons of sunlight (very small packets of energy) it releases electrons and produces an electric charge.

Question 21

What is the function of CSP(Concentrating solar-thermal power)?

Answer 21

It uses mirrors to reflect and absorb sunlight onto the receiver, and the receiver contains a fluid that uses thermal energy from the sun to be heated up. When this fluid is heated up it can be used to generate electricity.

Question 22

What is the main topic of the presentation
Marine life
Air pollution
Energy recycling
Ocean waste

Answer 22

Ocean waste

Question 23

Plastics are synthetic chemicals made of _________ that have the chemical formula CnH2n, making them a(n) __________

Hydrocarbons, alkane
Petroleum, alkene
Hydrocarbons, alkene
Petroleum, alkene

Answer 23

Hydrocarbons, alkane

Question 24

Which one of the following are a cause of ocean pollution?
Large animal populations
Improper waste management
Climate change
Volcanic activity

Answer 24

Improper waste management

Question 25

What is one benefit of innovative technology in addressing ocean waste issue? Developing biodegradable and compostable materials Creating more waste product in the ocean Lower the cost of energy Less noise pollution in the enviroment

Answer 25

Developing biodegradable and compostable materials

Question 26

Which marine animal is particularly vulnerable to ocean waste in the presentation Dolphin Clownfish Sea star Jellyfish

Answer 26

Dolphin

Question 27

Provide three reasons why ocean plastic waste are harmful to the ecosystem and briefly explain each of the reasons

Answer 27

Ingestion: Marine animals, such as sea turtles, seabirds, and marine mammals, often mistake plastic debris for food. They may consume plastic items, including fragments and microplastics, as they resemble their natural prey. Ingested plastics can cause blockages in their digestive systems, leading to malnutrition, internal injuries, and even death. Entanglement: Discarded fishing nets, ropes, and other plastic materials floating in the ocean can entangle marine animals. This can result in severe injuries, restricted movement, and drowning. Creatures like seals, dolphins, whales, and sea turtles are particularly vulnerable to entanglement, which can disrupt their natural behaviors and reproductive cycles. Chemical exposure: Plastics in the ocean can leach harmful chemicals and additives into the water. These chemicals, such as phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), can be toxic to marine organisms. Exposure to these substances can disrupt reproductive systems, impair growth and development, and weaken immune systems, making animals more susceptible to diseases and other stressors.

Question 28

Explain how the composition of plastics contribute to their long decomposition time

Answer 28

The composition of plastics are primarily made up of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum which make the plastics durable and long lasting.

Question 29

Explain how plastics are carried to the ocean

Answer 29

Plastics are carried by currents, wind, storms, and rainwater.

Question 30

Describe two technological strategies that could reduce plastic waste in the ocean and save the vulnerable marine animals

Answer 30

General prevention technology: Developing an effiecient waste management including recycling programs, waste-to-energy facilities, and strict regulations on plastic production and consumption. Plastic regulation: Impose plastic waste reduction policies established by nations across the world, promoting sustainable alternatives, international cooperation & cleanup efforts

Question 31

Give 2 reasons why humans should prioritize the ocean waste issue

Answer 31

Enviromental impact: Ocean waste plastics directly impact marine diveristy and habitat. In addition, chemicals from the plastics can impaire growth and immune system of the marine organisms making them vulnerable to diseases. Economic causes: Ocean waste plastics result in significant economic losses. The tourism industry, which heavily relies on pristine coastal environments, can suffer due to the negative aesthetic impacts of plastic pollution. Furthemore, the costs associated with beach cleanups, waste management, and the disposal of plastic waste add to the economic burden as well as its not easy and a quick process to clean up these surrounding bodies of water.

Question 32

What are some examples of ocean waste plastics in the presentation.

Answer 32

These plastics come in various forms, including bottles, bags, packaging materials, fishing nets, and countless other discarded items made from synthetic polymers

Question 33

What are the 2 types of recognized smog? Sulfurous Smog and photochemical smog Photochemical smog and chemical smog Sulfurous smog and bacterial smog Photochemical and Nitrogenous smog Oxygen smog and hydrogenous smog

Answer 33

Sulfurous Smog and photochemical smog

Question 34

How does ozone impact the environment? Damages plant cells and inhibits their growth Reduces the amount of carbon dioxide they take in during photosynthesis Results in reduced agricultural yields None of the above All of the above

Answer 34

All of the above

Question 35

How much money has air pollution caused to the economic cost? 3 million 5 billion 4.5 trillion 2.9 trillion 4 million

Answer 35

2.9 trillion

Question 36

What kind of ozone is very dangerous? Ground level ozone Atmospheric ozone Stratospheric ozone High-level ozone UV ozone

Answer 36

Ground level ozone

Question 37

When smog enters the atmosphere what colour does it cause? Yellowish Brownish Green Grey Orange

Answer 37

Brownish

Question 38

How does acid rain negatively affect some animals?

Answer 38

Some fish and animals, such as frogs, struggle to reproduce in the acidic environments

Question 39

Explain the 2 ways smog impacts plants.

Answer 39

Ozone Damages plant cells and inhibits their growth Reduces the amount of carbon dioxide they take in during photosynthesis Results in reduced agricultural yields Causes disintegration and deterioration in synthetic materials such as rubber, cotton, and other materials Particulate Matter Smothers plants Limits their exposure to the Sun and inhibits their ability to take in carbon dioxide, limiting their abilities in photosynthesis Chemical composition of particulate matter affects the soil around plants

Question 40

Sulfurous smog is mostly found in areas where there is more industry, and photochemical smog is mostly found in urban areas. Why do you think this is?

Answer 40

Most industrial processes give off fossil fuels such as coal burning. Sulfurous smog is caused by sulfur using fossil fuels (particularly coal). Urban areas consist of a lot of towns and cities which are areas that typically use many vehicles. The hydrocarbons given off by the vehicles react with the sunlight to produce ozone.

Question 41

How does sulfurous smog contrast with photochemical smog?

Answer 41

Sulfurous Smog Chemicals are aggravated by the dampness and high concentration of suspended particulate matter in the air Photochemical Smog Nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons undergo photochemical reactions in the lower atmosphere In the presence of sunlight, the highly toxic gas ozone that arises reacts with the light to produce nitrogen dioxide

Question 42

What are some solutions you can come up with that would reduce the harmful impacts of smog on our environment?

Answer 42

Recycling plastics, avoiding using gas stoves, keeping your car in good condition (Particularly the engine), limiting backyard fires, etc.

Question 43

Do you agree that photochemical smog gas could be more harmful than sulfurous smog gas? Why or why not.

Answer 43

Yes, because photochemical smog contains NO2 which is a fairly unstable diatomic molecule and is highly reactive due to it being a free radical.

Question 44

What causes ocean acidification? a. Increased absorption of nitrogen b. Decreased absorption of carbon dioxide c. Increased absorption of carbon dioxide d. Decreased absorption of nitrogen

Answer 44

c. Increased absorption of carbon dioxide

Question 45

How does ocean acidification impact human health? a. It causes skin allergies b. It causes seafood poisoning and illnesses c. It increases human metabolic rate d. It causes respiratory issues

Answer 45

It causes seafood poisoning and illnesses

Question 46

What is the economic impact of ocean acidification? a. Increased supply of seafood b. Decreased prices for seafood c. Increased prices for seafood due to low harvest d. Increased employment in the seafood industry

Answer 46

Increased prices for seafood due to low harvest

Question 47

How does ocean acidification affect marine organisms? a. It causes organisms to grow larger b. It makes it easier for organisms to build shells c. It makes it difficult for organisms to build shells and may cause existing shells to dissolve d. It has no effect on marine organisms

Answer 47

c. It makes it difficult for organisms to build shells and may cause existing shells to dissolve

Question 48

How does ocean acidification contribute to existing environmental issues? a. It reduces the impact of water pollution b. It helps clean up plastic waste in the ocean c. It mitigates the effects of agricultural runoff d. It increases the damaging effects of water pollution and absorbs chemicals from agricultural runoff

Answer 48

d. It increases the damaging effects of water pollution and absorbs chemicals from agricultural runoff

Question 49

What is the chemical equation that represents the process of ocean acidification?

Answer 49

CO₂ + H₂O <-> H₂CO₃ <-> H+ + HCO₃-

Question 50

Explain in your own words how ocean acidification occurs.

Answer 50

Answers will vary but should include the main points: Ocean acidification occurs when carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is rapidly absorbed by seawater, forming carbonic acid which breaks down into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. The hydrogen ions then bond with free carbonate ions forming more bicarbonate ions, reducing the availability of free carbonate ions for shell-building organisms.

Question 51

Describe how the process of ocean acidification could impact a local fishing community.

Answer 51

Answers will vary but may include details on a decrease in fish population, reduced harvests, increased seafood prices, and potential loss of jobs in the fishing industry.

Question 52

What are the potential consequences of ocean acidification on the marine food chain?

Answer 52

Answers will vary but should include details like the death or weakening of shell-building organisms which can disrupt the food chain, potentially leading to the collapse of marine ecosystems.

Question 53

How might a decrease in the availability of marine organisms due to ocean acidification influence global food security?

Answer 53

Answers will vary but should include details on potential food shortages, increase in food prices, and increased reliance on other food sources.

Question 54

Discuss the possible strategies to reduce or mitigate the effects of ocean acidification.

Answer 54

Answers will vary but should include potential strategies like reducing carbon emissions, protecting and restoring marine ecosystems, or researching and developing new techniques to mitigate ocean acidification.

Question 55

What is Nuclear Fission? Process of combining two nuclei together Process of multiplying two nuclei Process of splitting the nucleus of an atom None of the above

Answer 55

Process of splitting the nucleus of an atom

Question 56

What elements are most commonly used? Uranium-235 and Plutonium-238 Actinium-228 and Neptunium-238 Palladium-112 and Radon-224 Osmium-192 and Cerium-142

Answer 56

Uranium-235 and Plutonium-238

Question 57

What can Nuclear Fission be used for? Phone Batteries Electricity (Nuclear Power Plants) Temperature Regulation Atomic Bombs Two of the above None of the above

Answer 57

Two of the above

Question 58

How many nuclear fission bombs were deployed as attacks? 1 2 3 4

Answer 58

3

Question 59

What do nuclear reactors use to cool down the reaction? Water Ethylene Glycol Corrosion Inhibitors Propylene Glycol

Answer 59

Water

Question 60

What does ionizing radiation do? Takes electrons from biotic atoms Accelerates molecular decomposition Heats Substances Cools Substances

Answer 60

Takes electrons from biotic atoms

Question 61

What are two ways nuclear fission has impacted society? (Knowledge)

Answer 61

The bombings made people very afraid of what nuclear fission could do when wielded for destruction. Nuclear Power plants produce a lot of electricity that is mostly green, aside from the low amount of radioactive waste.

Question 62

Why do nuclei have to be hit by a neutron to cause nuclear fission? (Comprehension)

Answer 62

Because most nuclei are naturally stable, and the instability that causes the nucleus to split is mostly generated by hitting it with a neutron.

Question 63

What is your opinion on nuclear weapons research? Should it be legal or illegal? Why? (Evaluation)

Answer 63

This is opinion based, so I’ll just put my opinion. For this, I think that nuclear weapons have too much potential fallout from use, that they should stay illegal forever. Unless a fleet of alien starships try to take over our planet, I don’t see any useful and positive impacts coming from nuclear weapons

Question 64

What do you think would happen in a ‘nuclear holocaust’? (Most, if not all nuclear bombs set off at once). (Application)

Answer 64

Mostly opinionated, but also a nuclear winter, where the aftermath and debris of the impacts would settle in the atmosphere, soaking up all the sun rays and preventing heat from entering or leaving the planet. This would lower temperatures to such a degree that most, if not all life would die out, choked by the ashes and other airborne debris that was carried on the wind. Additionally, the radioactivity would mutate and kill the remaining living organisms, causing cancer and sickness in animals.

Question 65

Describe your own solution to the radioactive waste outputted by nuclear power plants. (Synthesis)

Answer 65

Once again individual based, but personally in the ideal scenario I would look to fund ways to repurpose the waste, making it so that nuclear plants didn’t really output ‘waste’ at all, but realistically I would find or dig out a large cavern, and drill holes in every surface, even the ceiling, where the waste could go. Then use the standard sealing method to keep the radioactive material in concrete until it was no longer dangerous.

Question 66

Does nuclear fission and its uses consume money, generate money, or both? How and why? (Analysis)

Answer 66

It does both. The industry of nuclear power generates a lot of money, because the cost of running the plant is less than the profit generated by people using the power. On the other hand, the research into nuclear weapons funded in the late 19 hundreds cost billions of dollars. This money goes into paying the researchers, material costs, maintenance of their facilities, etc. There are also current costs to modern day research, as it requires funding as well.

Question 67

What is the most common mobile phase? A Hydrophobic pentane B Hydrophobic silica C Hydrophobic hexane D Hydrophobic heptane

Answer 67

Hydrophobic hexane

Question 68

Chromatography is used to analyze components within food Chromatography is used for identification of harmful substances Chromatography helps diagnose newborn babies with various diseases None of the above

Answer 68

None of the above

Question 69

) What type of pesticide is Glyphosate? A Fungicide B Insecticide C Herbicide D Avicide

Answer 69

Herbicide

Question 70

Glyphosate… A Has poor volatility and high polarity B Is the most common pesticide in Canada C Is an amino acid type herbicide D All of the above

Answer 70

All of the above

Question 71

What type of chromatography is used to diagnose babies with various diseases? A Liquid chromatography B Chromatography mass spectrometry C Gas chromatography D Absorption chromatography

Answer 71

Liquid chromatography

Question 72

What has Chromatography been used for? (Give a specific example)

Answer 72

Is used for identify chemicals by breaking them down into their constituent compounds Examples: Identifying harmful preservatives Analyzing components within food Can prevent substance abuse by identifying the substance and can be used to confirm the drug’s original identity Can be used to identify diseases affecting newborn babies

Question 73

) Describe the process of Chromatography.

Answer 73

An unidentified compound is placed into mobile phase A constant flow to solvent (g, l) in the column The absorbent is pact within the column, called the stationary phase, which is used to separate the compound within the chemical to eluate

Question 74

How can Chromatography be used to identify pesticides?

Answer 74

(reference the experiment)

Question 75

What are the features of Glyphosate?

Answer 75

Phosphorus-containing amino acid type herbicide High polarity and poor volatility Causes plants to be more vulnerable to fungal disease

Question 76

What solutions would you give to using glyphosate?

Answer 76

Using a different type of pesticide Or using organic pesticides (pesticides that don’t contain harmful chemicals) Using a different gardening technique Rotating crops regularly

Question 77

What do you think about the toxic waste produced by chromatography?

Answer 77

Chromatography has done a lot of good for us, but the toxic waste that it produces can negatively impact the environment, especially gas chromatography as it damages surrounding environments due to the radioactive decay which I think is the problematic side of this process. I think scientists should come up with a solution to this problem in order to keep our environments and ourselves safe.