Quiz

Question 1

Shannon’s ugly (and evil) psychology professor throws a cloud of pepper in her face. As she feels the burning on her skin, she thinks about how this feeling is regulated by the

• None of these
• frontal lobes
• adrenal hormones
• somato-sensory cortex
• hindbrain

Answer 1

somato-sensory cortex

Question 2

Too much dopamine in the brain is associated with the disorder

• Multiple sclerosis
• Parkinson’s disease
• Depression
• Schizophrenia
• Alzheimer’s disease
• All of these

Answer 2

Schizophrenia

Question 3

The “astonishing hypothesis,” or monism, describes how mind is produced by matter, i.e. stuff

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Cameron touches a hot iron and immediately pulls his hand away, before even he even feels the pain or curses his own stupidity. His quick response occurs because

• his glands have secreted chemical messengers called hormones
• some spinal reflexes are automatic, requiring no conscious effort
• neurons in the hand are fused to increase response speed
• the brain expects that pain is occurring and responds quickly

Answer 4

some spinal reflexes are automatic, requiring no conscious effort

Question 5

The occipital lobe is involved with vision

Answer 5

True

Question 6

The development of vision in cats displays a “sensitive period” during which plasticity is highest

Answer 6

true

Question 7

The behaviorists argued that we should explore the way information gets processed inside the mind.

Answer 7

false

Question 8

Forgetting is also referred to as memory “disintegration.”

Answer 8

false

Question 9

The Parkinson’s documentary suggested that the onset of the disease

• All of these
• involves neurotransmitters, and hence can be treated by certain drugs
• has to do with specific neurons, so damaging those may induce parkinson’s
• involves genes, and hence may run in families
• None of these

Answer 9

All of these

Question 10

The action potential flows from the axon towards the soma and then the dendrites

Answer 10

false

Question 11

Phineas Gage had changes to his personality after his accident

Answer 11

true

Question 12

The Phineas Gage story provides good evidence in support for dualism.

Answer 12

false

Question 13

Rene Descartes argued for dualism

• using the method of doubt
• by saying that physical systems are determined, and therefore inflexible
• because he thought humans had free will
• all of these
• none of these

Answer 13

All of these

Question 14

Clive Wearing had damage to his hippocampus, and therefore experienced extreme form of amnesia

Answer 14

true

Question 15

We argued that serotonin is a neurotransmitter related to depression

Answer 15

true

Question 16

In behaviorism, “positive” means to reward someone.

Answer 16

false

Question 17

Choose the best descriptor for the following example:
Taking away candy after your child whines for a new toy (whining decreases)

• Negative punishment
• Positive reward
• Positive punishment
• Negative reward

Answer 17

Negative punishment

Question 18

Another term for behavior:

• behaviorism
• response
• classical conditioning
• stimulus
• operant conditioning

Answer 18

response

Question 19

A theoretical perspective based on the blank slate:

• behaviorism
• response
• classical conditioning
• stimulus
• operant conditioning

Answer 19

behaviorism

Question 19

Associating the trigger of a reflex with something else

• behaviorism
• response
• classical conditioning
• stimulus
• operant conditioning

Answer 19

classical conditioning

Question 20

One of the basic ideas of behaviorism is that

• None of these
• Humans have more instincts than other animals
• One should not discuss the “processing” occurring inside the brain
• Scientists can decide after the observation what counts as “behavior”
• All of these

Answer 20

One should not discuss the “processing” occurring

Question 21

The ________ of a neuron contain ________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system.

• dendrites; synaptic vesicles
• axon terminals; transport proteins
• axon terminals; synaptic vesicles
• axons; axon terminals

Answer 21

axon terminals; synaptic vesicles

Question 22

Sympathetic nervous system activation

• mobilizes the body for action
• tends to slow the body down
• None of these
• enables the person to sense the world
• keeps the body from overheating
• All of these

Answer 22

mobilizes the body for action

Question 23

The ________ is the deep groove that separates the brain into two halves.

• central sulci
• central gyrus
• longitudinal fissure
• hemisphere

Answer 23

longitudinal fissure

Question 24

It is accurate to say that most people have language lateralized on the “left hemisphere.”

Answer 24

true

Question 25

The Radiolab podcast dealing with “patterns and stochasticity” told the story of a woman taking parkinson’s medication who ultimately developed a problematic relationship with - gambling - food - her cousins - a neighborhood gossip - the police

Answer 25

gambling

Question 26

Daphne is unable to recall simple words the day after her stroke, but within a matter of months she is speaking normally again. This is due to: - None of these - spinal regeneration - stem cells - de-myelination - plasticity

Answer 26

plasticity

Question 27

An important role of the prefrontal cortex is - storing memory - All of these - regulating temperature - personality, planning and decision making - encoding short term memories to long term memories

Answer 27

personality, planning and decision making

Question 28

The ________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals. - threshold of excitation - depolarization - action potential - hyperpolarization

Answer 28

action potential

Question 29

Someone wanting to study mistakes that people make because of prejudice, stereotyping or sexism is interested in human _______. - All of these - personality - biases - psychoanalysis - social referencing

Answer 29

biases

Question 30

Grass is objectively green, that is, psychologists would all agree that grass is itself green.

Answer 30

false

Question 31

Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in? - clinical psychology - organizational psychology - developmental psychology - cognitive psychology

Answer 31

clinical psychology

Question 32

In the Ken Robinson TED talk, he describes a girl who was sent to see a specialist who recommended - she take medication - she go to a dance school - None of these - All of these - she be diagnosed with ADHD

Answer 32

she go to a dance school

Question 33

Psychoanalytic (Freudian) theory focuses on ________ and early childhood experiences. - All of these - a person’s unconscious - fetal development - national identity - learning

Answer 33

a person’s unconscious

Question 33

The part of the body that takes "input," does "processing," and leads to "output" is the (one word, all lowercase) _________.

Answer 33

brain

Question 34

The scientific process is ________, involving both inductive and deductive reasoning, and both starting and ending with a question. - factual - cyclical - unpredictable - None of these - perfect

Answer 34

cyclical

Question 35

This is the name for the process of deciding how to measure the things in your model - Variable - Correlation - Causality - Operationalization - Construct

Answer 35

Operationalization

Question 36

A psychologist that does research, focusing on publishing in peer reviewed journals, is best described as a ________ psychologist. - clinical - naturalistic - academic - Freudian - These are all good descriptors

Answer 36

academic

Question 37

We argued that, opposed to a degree, the focus of education should be ______, which will actually translate into professional development - social network - skills - personality, such as GRIT - All of these - None of these

Answer 37

All of these

Question 38

The name “glial” comes from the Greek word for “glue.” It is an appropriate name because glial cells - hold neurons in place and provide myelin - fuse sodium ions to potassium ions - fuse neurotransmitters to receptor sites - hold the neurotransmitters in the axon terminals

Answer 38

hold neurons in place and provide myelin

Question 39

The “all-or-none” rule refers to the idea that a neuron either fires, or doesn’t.

Answer 39

true

Question 40

After a creative insight, your boss removes the dress code requirement (creativity increases) - Positive reward - Negative reward - Negative punishment - Positive punishment

Answer 40

Negative reward

Question 41

Learning based on the outcome (or consequence) that follows the behavior - operant conditioning - response - behaviorism - stimulus - classical conditioning

Answer 41

operant conditioning

Question 42

Associating the trigger of a reflex with something else - operant conditioning - response - behaviorism - stimulus - classical conditioning

Answer 42

classical conditioning

Question 43

“Successive approximations” is a technique by which a behaviorists rewards closer and closer versions of a target behavior (such as spinning in a circle). This technique is referred to by behaviorists as - Planning - Closing - Shaping - Partitioning - None of these

Answer 43

Shaping

Question 44

Your child cheats on their homework, so you add taking out the trash to their chores (cheating decreases) - Positive reward - Negative reward - Negative punishment - Positive punishment

Answer 44

Positive punishment

Question 45

In Watson’s study of Little Albert, what was the conditioned stimulus? - A white rat - A loud noise - A neutral stimulus - The experimenter

Answer 45

A white rat

Question 46

The myelin sheath consists of a(n) ________. - soma - axon - glial cell - terminal button

Answer 46

glial cell

Question 47

The ________ receives messages from muscles, tendons, joints, and structures in our ear to control balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills. - sensory cortex - cerebellum - substantia nigra - ventral tegmental area

Answer 47

cerebellum

Question 48

Which term describes the perception of the body’s movement through space? - nociception - neurasthenia - dimensionality - kinesthesia

Answer 48

kinesthesia

Question 49

Lateralization is defined as - the reception of visual information in the lower back area of the brain - the bundle of nerve fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres - the specialization of the two hemisphere for particular functions - the various layers of densely packed cells within the cerebrum

Answer 49

the specialization of the two hemisphere for particular functions

Question 50

________ is the tendency to ignore evidence that is different than our pre-existing ideas or beliefs. - sampling bias - confirmation bias - illusory correlation - experimenter bias

Answer 50

confirmation bias

Question 51

The Firestein podcast argues that facts are most valuable product of science

Answer 51

False

Question 52

The Semmelweis / Puerperal fever story demonstrated the danger of willful ignorance.

Answer 52

True

Question 53

The belief that strange behavior is linked to the occurrence of a full moon is an example of ________. - opinion - pseudoscience - fact - correlation - None of these

Answer 53

pseudoscience

Question 54

Renes Descartes recommended that to think clearly about an issue, you should Be Skeptical. This means: - Play to win - Concentrate fully and completely - Question as much as possible - Start with simplest, move on to complex - Accept all evidence possible - Break things down into parts

Answer 54

Question as much as possible

Question 55

Given the “Uncertainty” perspective in science, what we are ultimately trying to do is - Gather facts - Prove theories - Show causation by measurement - All of these - Support models with evidence

Answer 55

Support models with evidence

Question 56

If you measure two things in the world, and notice that as one increases, the other decreases, that’s (a) - Correlation - Variable - Construct - Operationalization - Causality

Answer 56

Correlation

Question 57

Freud’s theories are famous for being unfalsifiable.

Answer 57

true

Question 58

"Evolution" is a process where a population changes due to "natural selection."

Answer 58

true

Question 59

A good example of an Adaptation is a child learning to cope with a new school.

Answer 59

False

Question 60

In class, what have we called the process where “some things having more babies than others?” - Learning - Fitness - Good of the species - Evolution - All of these - Natural selection

Answer 60

Natural selection

Question 61

Evolution means to "get better."

Answer 61

False

Question 61

Limited resources most closely relates to - the idea that some things with certain traits have more babies - an explanation for competition - an outdated phrase that leads to errors in understanding - an individual growing more muscles - change in a population over time

Answer 61

an explanation for competition

Question 62

Evolution most closely relates to - an outdated phrase that leads to errors in understanding - change in a population over time - the idea that some things with certain traits have more babies - an individual growing more muscles - an explanation for competition

Answer 62

change in a population over time

Question 63

The idea that humans are the “most evolved species” - Is demonstrated by our intelligence - Is demonstrated by our technology - Is demonstrated by our population size - None of these - All of these

Answer 63

None of these

Question 64

Survival of the fittest most closely relates to - an individual growing more muscles - an explanation for competition - change in a population over time - the idea that some things with certain traits have more babies - an outdated phrase that leads to errors in understanding

Answer 64

an outdated phrase that leads to errors in understanding

Question 65

"Evolution" is a process where a population makes "more babies."

Answer 65

False

Question 66

The idea that some traits are “out of date,” that is not suited to the current environment (liking sugar, fear of spiders but not cars), is called - The distribution hypothesis - The environmental hypothesis - None of these - The mismatch hypothesis - The evolutionary fallacy

Answer 66

The mismatch hypothesis

Question 67

Kalika is told by her physician that she has a condition characterized by a loss of myelin. A likely problematic outcome for her would be - A slowing down of the action potential - All of these - Her neurons are forced to rewire - The electrical signal no longer reaches the cell body in her neurons - An increase in her synaptic pruning

Answer 67

A slowing down of the action potential

Question 68

The ________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals. - hyperpolarization - depolarization - threshold of excitation - action potential

Answer 68

action potential

Question 69

________ is the differences between hemispheres in the areas underlying functions, for example, language processing. - brain organization - lateralization - synaptogenesis - Wernicke’s area

Answer 69

lateralization

Question 70

Neurons are one kind of cell you find in the brain.

Answer 70

True

Question 71

The space between two neurons is called the ________. - terminal button - soma - synapse - vesicle

Answer 71

synapse

Question 72

The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing ________. - language, such as speech - motor information to body areas, such as arms, legs, and face - touch, and pain - cognition and emotion

Answer 72

touch, and pain

Question 73

A “critical or sensitive period” refers to a point in development where _______ is high - serotonin - plasticity - the action potential - myelination

Answer 73

plasticity

Question 74

In a resting state, sodium (Na+) is at a higher concentration outside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels ________ inside the cell. - stay the same - increase only if potassium levels remain the same - increase - decrease

Answer 74

increase

Question 75

A(n) ________ is conducted in order to determine whether results are meaningful and not merely due to chance. - validity assessment - test of statistical significance - correlation coefficient - validity procedure - None of these

Answer 75

test of statistical significance

Question 76

In order to replicate a study, you primarily need access to its - Methodology - None of these - Sample - Results - Hypothesis - Consent Form

Answer 76

Methodology

Question 77

Renes Descartes recommended that to think clearly about an issue, you should "Be Comprehensive". This means: - Concentrate fully and completely - Break things down into parts - Question as much as possible - Play to win - Start with simplest, move on to complex - Accept all evidence possible

Answer 77

Accept all evidence possible

Question 78

“The secret” is a model that most directly suggest that humans: - create their reality with their thoughts - might benefit from positive thinking - should continue working as hard as possible towards goals - All of these - None of these

Answer 78

create their reality with their thoughts

Question 79

A researcher manipulates how much time children play with action figures, and then measures how much attention they direct to younger siblings. This is an example of - Experimental design - All of these - Placebo - controlled bias - Systematic design - None of these - Correlational design

Answer 79

Experimental design

Question 80

Which of the following correlations shows the strongest relationship between two variables? - not enough information to answer the question - 0 - -0.78 - 0.02 - 0.65

Answer 80

-0.78

Question 81

The idea that in the publication process, there is a bias toward publishing those papers where the “evidence supports the hypothesis” is called the - None of these - Review bias - Experimenter problem - File drawer problem - Mediation bias

Answer 81

File drawer problem

Question 82

When our models have an arrow in them, the arrow is best understood as representing the idea of (a) - Variable - Operationalization - Construct - Causality - Correlation

Answer 82

Causality

Question 83

The possible range for a correlation coefficient is ________. - between 0 and +100 - between 0 and +1 - between 1 and 10 - between –1 and +1

Answer 83

between –1 and +1

Question 84

________ research studies the same groups of participants over time. - cross-sectional - correlational - None of these - archival - longitudinal

Answer 84

longitudinal

Question 85

________ refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. - validity - reliability - generalizability - None of these - statistical significance

Answer 85

reliability