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Sociology - Unit 6: Mass Media > Quiz > Flashcards

Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What is new media?

A

refers to the screen based digital technology involving the integration of images, text and sound and to the technology used for the distribution and consumption

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2
Q

What is old media?

A

involves different devices for different media content like books, newspapers, radios and MP3 players etc

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3
Q

What are the 5 features of new media?

A
  • Technological convergence = one device can be used to access a wide variety of media e.g. phones
  • Interactivity =
    participatory culture = producers and consumers now interact with each other e.g. social media
    collective intelligence = build a shared or group intelligence that is greater than that of any individual
  • Hyper textuality = web of connections between different parts of media e.g. algorithm
  • Dispersal = less centralised and more adaptive to individual choice
  • Virtuality = immersions in virtual communities
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4
Q

Which sociologist wrote Global village?

A

McLuhan

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5
Q

Name 5 news values identified by Galtung and Ruge

A

unexpectedness, threshold, unambiguity, proximity, elite nations/people, personalisation, negativity, composition, continuity, narrative

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6
Q

What term do the Marxists use to describe institutions such as the media?

A

ideological state apparatus

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7
Q

Examples of new media

A

digital tv, smart phones, social media, internet, catch-up tv

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8
Q

Examples of old media

A

radio, books, magazines, cinema, sound recording

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9
Q

Which theory of media effect suggests that the audience are passive puppets of what they watch?

A

hypodermic syringe model

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10
Q

What was the Leveson Inquiry?

A

government enquiry into the hacking of mobile phones by the News of the World

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11
Q

What term is used to mean that the media determine what is significant in terms of the news?

A

Agenda Setting

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12
Q

What is meant by Cultural Homogenisation?

A

whole world becomes the same

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13
Q

Who first used the term symbolic annihilation in reference to women and the media?

A

Tuchman et al

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14
Q

What did Baudrillard mean by Simulcrum?

A

boundaries between reality and media become blurred

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15
Q

What term does Curren and Seaton use to describe those who are negative about new media?

A

Cultural Pessimists

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16
Q

What is meant by the term horizontal integration?

A

cross media ownership = companies owning lots of different types of media

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17
Q

Who argues that competition between media companies is healthy and creates a balanced range of media products?

A

pluralists

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18
Q

Name 3 stereotypes of children that are seen in the media

A

cute, consumers, little angels/devils, victims

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19
Q

Define the term mass media

A

forms of communication which reach a large audience

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20
Q

What term means 2 or more related businesses work together to e.g. promote and sell a film, toys etc. more effectively than they could individually

A

synergy

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21
Q

Identify 5 common representations of disability in the media according to Barnes

A

pathetic, object of violence, sinister, mysterious

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22
Q

Who talks about retributive masculinity?

A

Gauntlett

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23
Q

According to Gan, how do editors act as gatekeepers?

A

they decide what is new and what is not

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24
Q

What term means the uncritical over-reliance by journalists on ‘facts’ produced by government spin doctors and public relations experts?

A

churnalism

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25
Q

What terms means owning all stages in the production, distribution and consumption of a product?

A

vertical integration

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26
Q

What are the 3 filters before media affects the audience?

A

selective filter, selective perception, selective retention

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27
Q

Who linked the moral panic about gangsta-rap to gun crime?

A

Watson

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28
Q

Give 1 example of public broadcasting media

A

BBC

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29
Q

Which sociologist is associated with the Cult of feminity?

A

Furguson

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30
Q

What are the 4 main perspectives on media ownership?

A

Marxist, Neo-Marxist, Pluralist, Postmodernist

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31
Q

What term means including a limited number of minority group members only because it felt that this is expected?

A

tokenism

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32
Q

What are the 4 main functions the media performs for individual audiences according to Blumer and McQuail?

A

diversion, personal relationships, personal identity, surveillance

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33
Q

McQuail, Bulmer et al suggested that the media is consumed by people in what 4 ways?

A

to entertain, to understand, give a sense of identity and social solidarity

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34
Q

What is meant by popular culture?

A

cultural products liked and enjoyed by the mass of ordinary people. associated with mass culture

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35
Q

Identify 4 ways that the old are stereotypically represented in the media

A

grumpy, a burden, confused, second childhood

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36
Q

Which sociologist is associated with the idea of moral panics and folk devils created by the media?

A

Cohen

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37
Q

Which sociologist is associated with the concept of Churnalism?

A

Davies

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38
Q

What is the role of the BBFC?

A

to review films and video games and give age recommendations

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39
Q

What is the cult of feminity?

A

the promotion of a traditional ideal where excellence is achieved through caring for others, the family, marriage and appearance, Ferguson claimed that teenage girls’ magazines traditionally prepared girls for feminised adult roles

40
Q

What are the 6 media affects models?

A

hypodermic syringe model, selective filter, two-step flow, uses and gratifications, cultural effects, reception analysis

41
Q

What is the disinhibition effect?

A

effect of media violence where the audience believe that in some social situation’s violence is acceptable

42
Q

Who is the owner of the News Corp media group?

A

Rupert Murdock

43
Q

Name 3 stereotypes of teenagers that are seen in the media

A

sullen, criminal, overly sexualised, anti authority

44
Q

Who are the digital underclass?

A

a group of people, mainly from lower class who are increasingly disadvantaged in comparison to those who have full access to the internet and other digital media

45
Q

Give 1 criticism of the cultural effects model

A

impossible to measure, suggest audience passivity

46
Q

Who talks about the w/c being demonised by the media in their book ‘Chavs’?

A

Owen Jones

47
Q

In what way does Van Dijk suggest that black people are represented in the media?

A

as a threat to the majority of the population or as invisible

48
Q

Which sociologist is associated with the two step flow model of media effects?

A

Katz and Lazarfield

49
Q

What term do Curran and Seaton use to describe those who are positive about new media and its benefits?

A

neophiliacs

50
Q

Who are the Glasgow University Media Group?

A

a group of academics who have carried out extensive research into television-based news coverage

51
Q

What term means the belief that media owners will actively look to shape media content by controlling editors and journalists?

A

manipulative approach

52
Q

Which theory of media effects suggests that the function of the media is to meet individual needs of each member of the audience?

A

user and gratifications model

53
Q

What is meant by the fallacy of choice?

A

although we have more channels to choose from, we have the same thing on each channel

54
Q

Give 2 impacts of globalisation on the media

A

newspapers are no longer limited by national boarders, advertising happens on a world-wide scale, westernisation of cultures, ownership of the media is no longer national

55
Q

Who conducted the Bobo Doll experiment?

A

Bandura

56
Q

Which theory of media effects is associated with the Neo-Marxists?

A

cultural effects model

57
Q

Give 1 issue with researching media effect

A

artificial environments, ethical concerns with researching the effect of media violence, certain areas of media have not been researched in depth

58
Q

Symbolic Annihilation

A

women’s achievements are often not reported and are subordinated to their looks and sex appeal

59
Q

What does Easthope mean by hypermasculinity?

A

a variety of media, especially Hollywood and video-games, transmit the view that masculinity is based on strength, aggression, competition and violence, and therefore a goal for boys to achieve

60
Q

How does Winn refer to the media?

A

as a plug-in drug

61
Q

What is meant by media concentration?

A

that fewer and fewer companies are controlling and creating the media

62
Q

In what way does Newman suggest the media affects the audience?

A

in a gradual way

63
Q

What is meant by the term Polysemic?

A

media content attracts more than one type of reading interpretation

64
Q

Who suggests that the media is one of the most influential shapers of peoples lifestyles?

A

Strinati/Postmodernists

65
Q

What did Meehan conclude from his content analysis on female representation in the media?

A

women are respected in a very narrow range of social roles such as mothers and wives

66
Q

Which sociologist is associated with the term ‘Male Gaze’?

A

Mulvey

67
Q

What was Miliband’s view of the mass media?

A

mass media is a form of social control from the ruling class

68
Q

What does Curren suggest about the news media today?

A

that it is moving away from serious news stories and embracing more celebrity news

69
Q

Who suggests that in the modern world it is increasingly hard to be impartial in the media?

A

Zakir

70
Q

Name 2 sociologists associated with the propaganda model of the media

A

Herman and Chomsky or Edwards and Cromwell

71
Q

What did Neumann mean by convergence of the media?

A

the new media will allow previously separate forms of communication to interconnect

72
Q

What term means Domination by consent; process whereby minority ruling class ideology becomes common sense majority ideology?

A

hegemony

73
Q

What is a media conglomerate?

A

companies that own large numbers companies in various mass media

74
Q

Who are moral entrepeneurs?

A

people who use their own views of right and wrong to establish rules and label others as deviant

75
Q

What theory suggests that Western media and the technologies associated with it, dominate less developed nations and their cultures?

A

cultural imperialism

76
Q

What does Disneyfication mean?

A

process of dumbing down media content to attract audiences through entertainment

77
Q

What is another term for cross media ownership?

A

horizontal integration

78
Q

What is meant by desensitisation due to media?

A

the process by which through repeated exposure to media violence, people come to accept violent behaviour as normal

79
Q

What is the two-step flow model?

A

suggests media audiences are not directly influenced by the media but choose to adopt a particular opinion after negotiation and discussion with an opinion leader

80
Q

What is Pluralism in mass media?

A

mass media is defined by choice and competition, this choice creates better quality products, improves our culture and brings people together

81
Q

What is the name of the group of Neo-Marxists, headed by Adorno, who suggest that the media distracts and distorts reality, creating a false consciousness?

A

Frankfurt Group

82
Q

What did Marcuse mean by Commodity Fetishism?

A

the nation that our identities are now so entwined with what we buy, that we become obsessed with having more

83
Q

Who suggests that social networks e.g. twitter help to increase political awareness around the globe?

A

Murthy

84
Q

Who takes the theoretical stance that is optimistic about the spread and influence of New Media technologies?

A

neophiliacs

85
Q

What is meant by the term male gaze?

A

the gaze of the spectator is implicitly male and objectifies women on the screen

86
Q

Who suggested that the mass media helps to reinforce the cultural hegemony; western cultural values of hierarchy and consumerism?

A

Gramsci

87
Q

What are News Values?

A

the guidelines or criteria that determine the worth of a story

88
Q

Who refers to the superficial nature of popular media as candy floss culture?

A

Bernett and Seymour

89
Q

What term is used to mean ordinary untrained individuals who collect, report, and analyse news content, often through internet?

A

citizen journalists

90
Q

What is meant by high culture?

A

classical music, opera, ballet and other activities usually patronised by elite audiences

91
Q

Which theory of media effects suggests the media has a direct effect on our behaviour?

A

hypodermic syringe model

92
Q

How do the cultural pessimists view new media?

A

new media hinders society because it is dominated by conglomerates, over commercialised, reinforces elite power, decline in high culture and cultures imperialism

93
Q

Which theory of media effects suggests that audience members only allow certain media messages through?

A

selective filter model

94
Q

What is an ideological state apparatus?

A

agencies of the state which serve to spread dominant ideology and justify the power of the dominant social class

95
Q

What is meant by sensitisation by the media?

A

process of becoming more aware of the consequence of violence

96
Q

What is meant by convergence?

A

combining several different ways of presenting a variety of types of information

Sociology - Unit 6: Mass Media (1 decks)

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