Quiz

Question 1

During World War I__________ (1919) the general secretary of the Socialist Party, distributed leaflets urging resistance to the military draft

• He was charged under the Espionage Act of 1917
• violated his 1st Amendment
• established the “ clear and present danger” test
• ruling: lost

Answer 1

Scheneck v. United States (1919)

Question 2

A socialist, was arrested for distributing a “ Left Wing Manifesto” that called for the violent overthrow of the U.S. government
- violated his 1st Amendment
- ruling: lost

Answer 2

Gitlow v. New York ( 1925)

Question 3

General Secretary of the communist party USA, and the other party leaders were convicted under the Smith Act of 1940, which made it a crime to advocate the violent overthrow of the U.S. government
- Government claimed they conspiring to organize for that purpose, even though there was no evidence of a threat or plan
- Violated his 1st Amendment
- Court “ Clear and present danger” Test
- Ruling: Lost

Answer 3

Dennis v. United States (1951)

Question 4

Concluding speech could be restricted if the gravity of THREAT was high even if the probability of it occurring was low

Answer 4

“ Clear and present danger” Test

Question 5

Is the idea that some rights like: Freedom of Speech SHOULD NEVER BE LIMITED NO MATTER WHAT.

Answer 5

Absolute Freedom Test

Question 6

A Ku Klux Klan leader in Ohio, gave a speech at a Klan rally where he talked about possible revenge against the government if it continued to suppress white people. He was arrested for violated Violence or terrorism to promote political reform
- Violated 1st Amendment
- Imminent Lawless Action” Test
Ruling: Won ( it did not incite immediate violence)

Answer 6

Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969)

Question 7

“You can’t punish speech unless it’s meant to cause crime right now.” Ex

Answer 7

Brandenburg Test

Question 8

1) There is intent to convey a specific message
2) There’s a great likelihood that people who see it will understand the message

Answer 8

Symbolic speech

Question 9

Burned his draft card on the steps of a Boston courthouse to protest the Vietnam War, he was arrested for destroying his draft card ( which is required for selective service records )
- _____ Test
Ruling: Lost

Answer 9

United States V. O’Brien ( 1968 )

Question 10

Gregory Lee_______ burned an American flag during the Republican National Convention in Dallas, Texas, as a form of political protest against the Reagan administration’s policies.
He was arrested and convicted under a Texas law that prohibited desecrating the American flag.
Johnson argued that his actions were protected speech under the First Amendment.

• Violated 1st Amendment
  Ruling: Won

Answer 10

Texas v. Johnson (1989)

Question 11

A Jehovah’s Witness, was preaching in public and criticizing organized religion.
When a crowd became hostile, police intervened._______ called a city marshal “a damned fascist” and “a racketeer.”
He was arrested under a New Hampshire law that prohibited speaking offensive or derisive words in public.
- Violated 1st amendment rights
- NEVER BEEN OVERRULED

Answer 11

Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire (1942)

Question 12

Paul wore a jacket in a California courthouse with the words: “F* THE DRAFT”**
to protest the Vietnam War.
He was arrested and convicted under a California law that prohibited disturbing the peace by using offensive language in public.
- Violated 1st amendment rights
- Ruling: Won

Answer 12

Cohen v. California (1971)

Question 13

must be based on legitimate time, place, and
manner considerations

Answer 13

Permit procedures

Question 14

A group of teenagers, including a minor referred to as ______burned a cross on the lawn of an African American family in St. Paul, Minnesota.
_______was charged under a city ordinance that banned placing symbols (like swastikas or burning crosses) on public or private property if they were likely to arouse anger or alarm based on race, religion, or gender
- Violated 1st amendment rights
Ruling: Won

Answer 14

R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul (1992)

Question 15

The Westboro Baptist Church, led by Fred_____, protested near the funeral of Marine Matthew Snyder, who died in Iraq.
Their signs said things like “Thank God for Dead Soldiers” and “God Hates Fags”, claiming U.S. military deaths were punishment for America’s tolerance of homosexuality.
- Violated 1st amendment rights
- Ruling: Won

Answer 15

Snyder v. Phelps (2011)

Question 16

In 1965, John and Mary Beth_______ and a few other students wore black armbands to school to protest the Vietnam War.
The school told them to remove the armbands or face suspension. When they refused, they were suspended.
- Violated 1st amendment rights
- Ruling: Won

Answer 16

Tinker v. Des Moines Indpt. Comm. School District
(1969)

Question 17

In 2002, Joseph, a high school student in Alaska, held up a banner reading: “BONG HiTS 4 JESUS”
during the Olympic Torch Relay, across the street from his school.
The principal, Deborah Morse, saw the banner and suspended him, saying it promoted illegal drug use.
- violated 1st amendment rights
- Ruling: Lost

Answer 17

Morse v. Frederick (2007)

Question 18

Jehovah’s Witness students refused to salute the American flag or say the Pledge of Allegiance at school because it violated their religious beliefs.
The West Virginia school board required all students to participate, or face expulsion.
- Violated 1st amendment rights
- Ruling: Won

Answer 18

West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943)

Question 19

Jay, a newspaper publisher in Minnesota, printed articles accusing local officials of being involved with gangsters.
The state used a “gag law” (Public Nuisance Law) to stop him from publishing the paper, claiming it was malicious, scandalous, and defamatory
- Violated 1st amendment rights
- Ruling: Won

Answer 19

Near v. Minnesota (1931)

Question 20

The New York Times and Washington Post obtained a classified government report (the Pentagon Papers) revealing how the U.S. had misled the public about the Vietnam War.
The Nixon administration tried to block publication, claiming it would harm national security.
- Violated 1st amendment rights
- Ruling: Won

Answer 20

New York Times v. United States (1971)

Question 21

Students at East High School wrote articles for their school newspaper about teen pregnancy and divorce.
The principal removed the articles before publication, saying they were inappropriate and could invade students’ privacy.
- Violated 1st amendment rights
- Ruling: Lost

Answer 21

Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988)

Question 22

A reporter for the Louisville Courier-Journal, was subpoenaed to testify before a grand jury about the identities of confidential sources he used in stories about drug use in Kentucky.
Two other reporters had similar situations where they were asked to reveal sources for stories about illegal activity.
- Violated 1st Amendment
Ruling: Lost

Answer 22

Branzburg v. Hayes (1972)

Question 24

During the Civil Rights Movement, the New York Times published a full-page ad criticizing police actions in Montgomery, Alabama.
The ad had some factual errors.
L.B. ______, a city commissioner, sued the Times for libel, claiming the ad damaged his reputation—even though he wasn’t directly named.
An Alabama jury awarded him $500,000
- Violated 1st amendment rights
- Ruling: Yes

Answer 24

New York Times v. Sullivan (1964)

Question 25

Magazine, known for its crude satire, published a fake advertisement parody suggesting that Reverend Jerry Falwell had an incestuous and drunken encounter with his mother in an outhouse. The parody included a note saying it was not to be taken seriously. _____ sued for intentional infliction of emotional distress, claiming the ad caused him severe emotional harm. -Violated 1st amendment rights - Ruling: Won

Answer 25

Hustler Magazine v. Falwell (1988)

Question 26

Richard Loving (white) and Mildred Loving (Black) were married in Washington, D.C., where interracial marriage was legal. They returned to Virginia, where interracial marriage was illegal under the state’s anti-miscegenation law. They were arrested and told to leave the state or go to jail. - Violated 14th amendment’s equal - Ruling: Won

Answer 26

Loving v. Virginia (1967)

Question 27

the Court held that a successful constitutional challenge under the Equal Protection Clause requires proof of discriminatory intent (case)

Answer 27

Washington v. Davis (1976)

Question 28

A Black family (the______) bought a house in a St. Louis neighborhood. The neighborhood had a “racially restrictive covenant” — an agreement among white homeowners not to sell to Black people. A white neighbor (Kraemer) sued to enforce the covenant and stop the Shelleys from living there - Violated 14th amendment’s equal - Ruling: Won

Answer 28

Shelley v. Kraemer (1948)

Question 29

_________Black man, was denied service at a restaurant (Eagle Coffee Shoppe) located inside a public parking garage owned by the Wilmington Parking Authority, a state agency. The restaurant was privately owned, but operated in a public building with state support. - 14th Amendment - Ruling:Won

Answer 29

Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority (1961)

Question 30

_________a Black man, was denied service at Moose Lodge, a private, whites-only club in Pennsylvania. He argued that because the club had a state-issued liquor license, its racial discrimination was state action — and violated the 14th Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause - Ruling: Lost

Answer 30

Moose Lodge No. 107 v. Irvis (1972)