Quiz 2

Question 1

Provides a true composition of the entire raw material delivery, process stream, or final product

Answer 1

Gross Sample

Question 2

One that contains all the components in a raw material, process stream, or final product

Answer 2

Representative Sample

Question 3

What sampling procedure must be made in static systems?

Answer 3

Multilevel Sampling

Question 4

3 examples of devices used in sampling liquids

Answer 4

Coliwasas Sampler
Dipper
Bomb Sampler

Question 5

2 examples of devices used in sampling homogeneous solids

Answer 5

Thief
Riffle

Question 6

2 methods of sampling non-homogeneous solids

Answer 6

Coning and Quartering
Rolling and Quartering

Question 7

Differentiate crushing and grinding

Answer 7

Crushing - Coarse
Grinding - Fine

Question 8

The 3 main reasons for crushing and grinding

Answer 8

1. To increase chemical reactivity by increasing surface area
2. To change physical characteristics
3. To improve mixing

Question 9

Frequently used device in the chemical processes to produce very fine powders

Answer 9

Hammer Mill

Question 10

Refers to the ease with which a particle of a material can be fractured so as to reduce its size

Answer 10

Grindability

Question 11

What is the relationship between energy and grindability?

Answer 11

The less energy required, the greater the grindability

Question 12

How is the reduction ratio computed?

Answer 12

Average particle size before grinding, divided by the average particle size after grinding

Question 13

The process of selectively removing a solute from a mixture using a solvent

Answer 13

Extraction

Question 14

Solvents incapable of mixing with each other to attain homogeneity and will separate from each other into separate phases

Answer 14

Immiscible Solvents

Question 15

Solvents capable of being mixed in any ratio without separation into two phases

Answer 15

Miscible Solvents

Question 16

What are the 7 steps in extraction for experimental purposes?

Answer 16

1. Proper and Timely Collection
2. Authentication
3. Drying and Grinding
4. Extraction
5. Fractionation
6. Isolation of bioactive compound
7. Quantification of bioactive compound

Question 17

What are the 7 types of herbal extracts?

Answer 17

Aqueous
Fluid/Liquid
Viscous
Tinctures
Dried
Oily
Vinegars

Question 18

Insoluble or inert drug material that is left behind at the end of the extraction process

Answer 18

Marc

Question 19

Suitable solvent for effective extraction process

Answer 19

Menstruum

Question 20

Mixture of both the extracted drug material and the solvent of extraction

Answer 20

Micelle

Question 21

Comprise active ingredients or secondary metabolites that possess biological activity

Answer 21

Medicinal Plant

Question 22

Little to no medicinal properties (e.g. chlorophyll, amino acid)

Answer 22

Primary Plant Constituent

Question 23

Responsible for activities (e.g. alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins)

Answer 23

Secondary Plant Constituent
(Secondary Metabolites)

Question 24

What process can be used when extracting primary plant constituents?

Answer 24

Bioassay Guided Fractionation

Question 25

What processes can be used when extracting secondary plant constituents?

Answer 25

Bioautography TLC and antimicrobial testing Fingerprinting and Immunoassays

Question 26

What are the 4 factors to consider when choosing a solvent for plant extraction?

Answer 26

Type of plant Part of plant to be extracted Nature of the bioactive compounds Availability

Question 27

What are the 6 factors to consider in selecting solvents for extraction?

Answer 27

1. Selectivity 2. Reactivity 3. Safety 4. Recovery 5. Cost 6. Low viscosity and boiling point

Question 28

What are the 6 factors to consider in choosing extraction method?

Answer 28

1. Stability to heat 2. Nature of solvent 3. Cost 4. Duration 5. Final volume required 6. Intended use

Question 29

What are the 5 primary extraction processes?

Answer 29

Infusion Decoction Maceration Percolation Digestion

Question 30

The process of extracting chemical compounds in a solvent by allowing the material to remain suspended in the solvent overtime

Answer 30

Infusion

Question 31

Water-soluble and heat-stable constituents of hard and woody crude drugs are extracted out

Answer 31

Decoction

Question 32

Process where the plant material is moistened with an appropriate amount of the solvent and allowed to stand for around 4 hours

Answer 32

Percolation