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ImmunoSero 3rdYR 1stSem Prelims > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

important cells of the adaptive or acquired immunity because they are activated to produce various responses depending on the type of antigen the immune system is facing

A

T cells

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2
Q

Cell infected with intracellular antigen such as bacteria or virus

A

Target Cell

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3
Q

Target cells are targeted and killed by what cells

A

Cytotoxic T cells

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4
Q

T cells that migrate to the thymus

A

Progenitor T cells

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5
Q

Part of Thymus with earliest development of T cells

A

Cortex

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6
Q

Where T cell positive selection happens

A

Thymus Cortex

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7
Q

Part of thymus where later events of T cell development happen

A

Medulla

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8
Q

Where T cell negative selection happens

A

Medulla

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9
Q

T cells that still do not express signature surface markers

A

Precursor T cells

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10
Q

Precursor T cells are aka?

A

Double Negative Thymocytes

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11
Q

Signature T cell surface markers

A

CD4, CD8, CD3

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12
Q

Precursor T cells do not express these

A

CD4, CD8, RAGs 1, RAGs 2

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13
Q

Thymocytes that then posses markers such as CD4 and CD8 are aka?

A

Double Positive Thymocytes

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14
Q

When Double Positive Thymocytes undergo positive selection, they become?

A

Single Positive Thymocytes

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15
Q

When Double Positive Thymocytes attach to MHC I, they become?

A

CD8

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16
Q

When Double Positive Thymocytes attach to MHC II, they become?

A

CD4

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17
Q

If single positive thymocytes that bear CD4 attach themselves to MHC II or CD8 to MHC I, what will happen

A

Apoptosis (interacting with self antigens)

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18
Q

If single positive thymocytes have moderate to no response, what happens?

A

Release into Circulation

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19
Q

Set of molecules displayed on a cell surface that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and antigen presentation

A

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

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20
Q

Control mechanism of the immune response by the recognition of “self” and “non-self” antigens

A

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

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21
Q

Transcription factor expressed in the medulla of the thymus and controls the mechanism that prevents the immune system from attacking the body itself

A

Autoimmune Regulatory Gene (AIRE)

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22
Q

Loss of AIRE gene will result in?

A

Autoimmune disorders

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23
Q

How many light chains does an antibody have

A

2

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24
Q

How many heavy chains does an antibody have

A

2

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25
Surface marker of Stem Cell
CD43
26
Surface marker of Pro-B cell
CD43 CD19 CD10
27
Surface marker of Pre-B cell
Low B220 CD43
28
Surface marker of Immature B cell
Low IgM CD43
29
Surface marker of Mature B cell
IgM
30
Responsible for B cells to undergo recombination in order for it to express diversity
Recombination Activating Gene (RAG)
31
B cells with only IgM as its immunoglobulin
Immature B cells
32
B cells with both IgM and IgD as its immunoglobulins
mature B cells
33
Mature B cells are released into the circulation as?
Naive B Cells
34
Once Naive B cells encounter antigen, they become?
Plasma cells & Memory B cells
35
Production of antibody is aka?
Humoral Immunity
36
IgM stands for?
Immunoglobulin Mue
37
IgE stands for?
Immunoglobulin Epsilon
38
IgG stands for?
Immunoglobulin Gamma
39
IgA stands for?
Immunoglobulin Alpha
40
IgD stands for?
Immunoglobulin Delta
41
2 phases of differentiation for B cell maturation
Antigen-independent Phase (Bone Marrow) Antigen-dependent Phase (Peripheral Lymphoid Tissues / Brain)
42
phase of differentiation for B cell maturation: Interaction of Naive B cell with Antigen (Mature B cell to Plasma Cell)
Antigen-dependent Phase
43
4 subdivisions of Heavy Chains
Variable (V) Diversity (D) Joining genes (J) Constant (C)
44
Most common method of removing self-reactive B cells
Receptor Editing
45
Under the Electron Microscope, B cell appears what
Hairy
46
Allows for the multiplication of B cells
Mitogen
47
Chemical substance that encourages a cell to commence cell division triggering mitosis
Mitogen
48
cause of Hairy appearance of B cells under Electron Microscope
Surface Immunoglobulins
49
Do T cells appear hairy under an Electron Microscope?
No
50
An enzyme which helps the precursor of b cell to transform into immature B cell
Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase
51
Characterized by the failure of B cell precursors to mature into B cells in the peripheral blood
Bruton's X linked Agammaglobulinemia
52
Bruton's X Linked Agammaglobulinemia is due to the mutation of the genes that encode for what enzyme
Tyrosine Kinase Enzymes
53
CD Markers of B cells
CD19 CD20 CD21
54
CD marker that is the receptor for Epstein Barr virus
CD21
55
Group of functionally defined cells capable of taking up antigens and presenting them to lymphocytes in a form of that they can recognize
Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs)
56
2 pathways of antigen processing
Endogenous Exogenous
57
Which antigen processing pathway is CD8 Tc Cell + MHC I
Endogenous
58
Which antigen processing pathway is CD4 Th Cell + MHC II
Exogenous
59
All nucleated cells except _____ are capable of antigen presentation
RBCs
60
Where does Endogenous Pathway occur
Endoplasmic Reticulum
61
Where does Exogenous Pathway occur
Endosome
62
All cells that have a nucleus are MHC I except?
RBCs
63
MHC II are only in what type of cells
Macrophages B cells Dendritic Cells
64
Type of Antigen of MHC I
Intracellular (Endogenous)
65
Type of Antigen of MHC II
Exrtacellular (Exogenous)
66
MHC I is recognized by?
CD8 T cytotoxic Cell
67
MHC II is recognized by?
CD4 T helper Cell
68
Most potent phagocytic cell in the tissue
Dendritic Cells
69
Where are dendritic cells found
Lymph Nodes
70
Main function of Dendritic Cells
Antigen Presenting Cell to T helper cells
71
Two subunits of Dendritic Cells
Interstitial (major organs) Interdigitating (T lymphocytes of Secondary Lymphoid Organs & Thymus)
72
Subunit of Dendritic Cells that can act as a messenger between the innate and adaptive immune system
Interdigitating Dendritic Cells
73
Recognition of Antigen is by what Surface Marker of the T cell?
CD3
74
Extracellular antigens are presented by?
MHC II
75
Presented antigen is recognized by the T cell receptor with what surface marker?
CD3
76
MHC II is recognized by what marker of the T cell?
CD4
77
CD stands for
Classification Determinant
78
CD Marker present in all T cells and has a "rosette formation" in combination with SRBCs
CD2
79
pan-T cell marker
CD2
80
CD marker that recognizes antigen during presentation
CD3
81
New pan-T cell marker
CD3
82
Which T cells contain CD3
All
83
Recognizes only MHC I
CD8
84
CD4 is only present in what T cell
T helper Cell
85
CD8 is only present in what T cell
T cytotoxic Cell
86
CD markers for the identification of B cells
CD19 CD 20
87
CD marker that serves as the receptor for Epstein Barr virus in B lympocytes
CD21
88
CD markers seen in Natural Killer Cells (NK)
CD 16 CD 56 CD 57
89
The structures, cells, and soluble constituents of the circulating blood that allow the host to recognize and respond to antigens
Immune System
90
Which immunoglobulin is first to increase in Primary Response
IgM
91
Why is IgM the first to increase in Primary Response
it is Pentameric (more antigens can bind to it)
92
Which immunoglobulin is first to increase in Secondary Response
IgG
93
Another name for Secondary Response
Anamnestic Response
94
Anamnestic Etymology
Greek word which means Remembrance
95
Which T cell functions to induce antibody production
T helper II cell
96
Small Peptides are presented to T helper cells via?
MHC II
97
Control mechanism to ensure that mature thymocytes are capable to distinguish self from nonself
Negative Selection
98
phase of differentiation for B cell maturation: Pro B Cell to Immature B cells
Antigen-Independent Phase

ImmunoSero 3rdYR 1stSem Prelims (2 decks)

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