Quiz 2

Question 1

What are functions of the cell wall?

Answer 1

Protects the cell from osmotic lysis
Helps determine shape of the cell
Protects against toxic substances
Active site for several antibiotics

Question 2

The cell wall is an active site for several antibiotics, what are they?

Answer 2

Penicillin, cephalosporins, vancomycin

Question 3

The distinction of gram positive and gram negative is based off of what?

Answer 3

Gram strain reaction and the differences in cell wall structure

Question 4

Gram + characteristics

Answer 4

No outer membrane
Thick cell wall (4-25 sheets)
Contains teichoic Acids
Lipoteichoic anchored in all membranes

Question 5

Gram negative (-) characteristics

Answer 5

Most of the wall is outer membrane
Thin cell wall

Question 6

The walls of cells of bacteria contain a ridged polysaccharide called?

Answer 6

Peptidoglycan

Question 7

What does peptidoglycan do?

Answer 7

Confers structural strength on the cell

Question 8

Peptidoglycan is composed of alternating repeats of two modified glucose residues called?

Answer 8

N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid

Question 9

What is the order of the gram positive Peptidoglycan?

Answer 9

NAM
L-Alanine
D-glutamic acid-NH2
L-Lysine
D-Alanine
Crossbridge from L-lysine to D-alanine
L-lysine
D- glutamic acid -NH2
L-alanine
NAM

Question 10

Peptidoglycan can be destroyed by what enzyme?

Answer 10

Lysozymes

Question 11

How does lysozymes destroy Peptidoglycan?

Answer 11

Cleaves the glycosidic bond between N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid. Which weakens the Peptidoglycan and can cause cell lysis

Question 12

Where are lipoteichoic acids found?

Answer 12

Lipoteichoic acids are Covalently bonded to membrane lipids. Found in gram positive bacteria

Question 13

What phylum are gram positive found in?

Answer 13

Firmicutes

Question 14

What phylum are gram negative bacteria found in?

Answer 14

Proteobacteria

Question 15

Where is group translocation primarily found?

Answer 15

Bacteria

Question 16

Siderophores

Answer 16

Help get iron into the cell.

Question 17

Why is the uptake of iron made difficult?

Answer 17

Because of the extreme insolubility of iron.

Question 18

Group translocation differs from simple transport in what two ways?

Answer 18

The transported substance is chemically modified during transport process.
Energy rich organic compounds drives transport event.

Question 19

In group translocation, Is having a mutation in enzyme 1 worse than In enzyme 2?

Answer 19

Yes, having a mutation in enzyme 1 is worse because the mutation wold be taking all the sugars options meaning no energy in that enzyme.

Question 20

What is group translocation driven by?

Answer 20

Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

Question 21

What enzyme receives PEP in group translocation?

Answer 21

Enzyme 1

Question 22

In group translocation, What enzyme is dependent on the sugar brought in?

Answer 22

Enzyme 2