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GEOG 475 > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Qualitative color Schemes

A

used for nominal/discrete data, different color for each category

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2
Q

Dot Density

A

use dots to represent number of occurrences of given data in particular location

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3
Q

kind of data used for dot density

A

discrete phenomena with smooth variation

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4
Q

Advantages to dot density

A

easy to understand
show variation in space of phenomena
recover original data
good for complex maps
subtle to allow mapping with second of third distribution of other phenomena

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5
Q

Disadvantages to dot density

A

difficult to estimate density
can be representing single instangle
impossible to recover original data value if dots get too dense
computer placement of dots is random and has no meaning

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6
Q

Shapes

A

different shapes imply differences in quality
appropriate size to be distinguishable
use familiar geometric icons to help reader immediately understand the meaning of the symbol

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7
Q

map accuracy can be communicated through …

A

symbolization

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8
Q

people assume ____- are accurate

A

solid lines

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9
Q

dashed-lined or dotted lines are for ______

A

less accurate boundaries
same with blurred or fuzzy symbols

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10
Q

visual variables for animation

A

lightness, duration, rate of change, order, display date, frequency, and synchronization

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11
Q

Lightness

A

different gray tones, to show changes over time

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12
Q

Duration

A

length of time a frame is displayed

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13
Q

scene

A

group of frames

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14
Q

Rate of change

A

magnitude over duration

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15
Q

magnitude of change

A

in position and attributes of entities between frames or scene

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16
Q

what does rate of change represent

A

quantitative data

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17
Q

Order(temporal)

A

sequence frames are presented
can be chronological order or reverse chronological order
lowest to highest
knowledge is gleaned by how information is ordered

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18
Q

Display Date

A

time.a display change is initiated
time stamp should be close to body of map to avoid eyes having to travel a lot

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19
Q

Frequency

A

Number of identifiable states per unit time
temporal textures

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20
Q

synchronization

A

pacing, temporal correspondence

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21
Q

Type

A

shapes a map’s look and effectiveness
considers: type style, weight, form, placement

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22
Q

Font

A

subset of a typeface, includes all letters and numbers of a specific size
used to mean typeface

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23
Q

serifs

A

finishing stokes added to ends of letters

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24
Q

sans serif

A

doesn’t. have finishing strokes

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25
Type variables
type style, weight, size, form
26
Why do we use graphic variations in type
communicate information on map (larger text to convey more importance or largeness)
27
Quantitative data
uses type size, type weight, type form (case, color value)
27
Qualitative Data
use type style (capitalization) and type form (spacing, italics, color hue
28
Placement of type
best is upper right second best is upperleft
29
Area label placement guidelines
must not cross border of area it describes must not conflict with any other label or area feature center the label within areal feature, do not crowd consider all uppercase to emphasize area extent
29
Guidelines for labels on lines
follow linear feature repeat if line is long choose straight and horizontal position no upside down tilts, position above lines have consistent gaps between lines and label break other lines for text
30
algorithms
label placement is an NP- complete problem
31
what algorithms don't work well
simple approximation algorithms
32
what algorithms are better
simulated annealing or generic algorithm
33
Intellectual Hierarchy
symbols and map elements are ranked according to their relative importance
33
Visual Variables
hue value saturation (not on bertins list) focus(not on bertins list) transparency(not on bertins list) resolution (not on bertins list) shape(not on bertins list) arrangement(not on bertins list) texture orientation size location highlight (interactive effect)
34
_______ _______is emphasized while _______ ______ may be less emphasized
thematic symbols base information
34
Visual Weight
of map features refers to relative amount of attention they get
35
Visual contrast
colors of similar brightness or hues must be distinguishable
36
operational overlays should ________ with baseman
contrast
37
Figure-Ground Relationship
elements are perceived as either figure or ground
38
stable
figure and ground of a composition are clear, figure is better remembered and receives more attention
38
ground
elements compose an undifferentiated background
38
figure
objects of focus
39
what separates stimulates into figure or ground elements
human perceptual system
40
Figure
Has a definite shape Seems closer if a clear location in space Lower regions of a design (more likely) Below the horizon line Higher color intensities Highly contracting hue produce the best figure ground yellow black White-blue NOT red green and orange blue Complementary hues create ambiguous figure ground Red-green Blue-orange Longer wavelength (red) stand out more than shorter (green) Familiar areas (Italy) Objects with a shadow Coarse objects Simple objects
41
Unstable
the relationship is ambiguous and the interpretation of elements alternates between figure and ground
41
preattentive processing
the mechanism underlying that certain simple shapes "pop-out"
42
Ground
Is shapeless Continues to be behind the figure Further away with no clear location Upper regions (more likely)
43
Semantic Depth of field
highlight using blur applies the depth of focus effects from photography to the display of data according to semantic content
44
Using layouts
use rulers consider the importance of the proximity of map elements be careful about positioning elements in a layout
45
Aligning Features
placing elements such that edges line up along common rows or columns or their bodies along a common center
46
What does aligning features do?
creates a sense of unity and cohesion
47
Re-expressions
alternative graphic representation where the structure has been altered through some transformation of the og data
48
What could Re-expression involve?
subsets of choosing re-ordering time series changing the duration of individual frames within a time series
49
static
capturing well-known “snapshot representation” where a single state of a phenomena corresponding to one time is shown
50
More dynamic view would entail
a more realistic view of the phenomena gives clearer idea of how change may be occurring
51
Time series
emphasizes change through time based on sequence of observations taken over time
52
Fly overs
flying over a 3D surface
53
what is a problem for fly overs?
visual occlusion

GEOG 475 (3 decks)

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