Quiz 2

Question 1

taphonomy

Answer 1

natural changes that occur to a body over time(sun bleaching

Question 2

Vegetational Indicators

Answer 2

• Normal plant growth
• Increased plant growth(decomposing body)
• Stunted plant growth impeded roots)

Question 3

Clandestine Graves

Answer 3

• Average depth is 2ft
• Rushed

Question 4

Ornamental Plantings

Answer 4

Intentional planting; associated with graves

• yucca, roses,lilies,ferns,etc

Question 5

Yucca

Answer 5

body keeps flower alive(common with African American) can’t grow by itself

Question 6

Mustard Grass

Answer 6

No need for search in area

Question 7

Age

Answer 7

Stick and branches

Question 8

Soil components

Answer 8

sand, silt,and clay

Question 9

Horizons of soil

Answer 9

A: organic material
B: orange, subsoil
C: Clays
D: Gravels
E: bedrock

Question 10

Bedrock

Answer 10

*If exposed bedrock no need to dig

Question 11

Stratigraphy

Answer 11

Layer cake of dirt; all layers of soil

*Deep stratigraphy in flooded areas

Question 12

mottling

Answer 12

mixing of soils
- never goes back the same; takes million of years to form again
- Check for body

Question 13

Probing

Answer 13

tells that soil under ground is being disturbed by something

• used for soil density

Question 14

Hollow Stem Augering

Answer 14

Looking for mixing of soils(mottling) Looks similar to probe(instead of point it has “soon; open window)(

Question 15

William Bill Longely

Answer 15

Bank robber, Hanged for his crimes, but his body wasn’t buried; it was the town drunk; he didn’t actually die and pretended to be dead and ran off; was killed another way

Question 16

Shoes

Answer 16

Don’t decompose

Question 17

Reverse Photogrammetry

Answer 17

Predict where a grave is by measuring distance of other graves

Question 18

Monitoring

Answer 18

Using a large piece of equipment for excavation

Question 19

Scent Detectors

Answer 19

Ex: Casey Anthony;

Smell:Methane(usually associated w/ decomposition)

A handheld odor-detecting device can provide quality data for many forensic applications (not really valid)

Question 20

Lipids/Geovhemical Studies

Answer 20

• Check soil for fats, blood proteins leach into the soil during decomposition
• Particularly useful if bodies have been removed from the grave

Question 21

Human Remains Detective Dogs(HRDD)

Answer 21

• trained to find things associated w/ human decomposition/remains
• Not trained to find living people
• No cross training(too many scents)
• Can pick up scents as far as Philly

Question 22

Utility Dog

Answer 22

Aggressive police dog, usally cross trained in either(drugs, money, bombs, and gun)

Question 23

Cameras and Scopes

Answer 23

Thermography
Photography
Lidar
Side Scan Sonar
Ground Penetrative Radar(GPR)

Question 24

Thermography:

Answer 24

Means of detecting heat
- Must have some light(no need for existing light)

• Useful during sunrise and sunset
• Infared
• Can’t detect through water or glass

Question 25

Photography

Answer 25

Ultraviolet(UV) - Enhance injuries(ex contusions on dark complexions) - Cause bone to flauresh(dinstinguish bone) -

Question 26

Lidar

Answer 26

Light detection and ranging(LIDAR) airborne data capture systems can be used to very rapidly collect laser scans; 3D

Question 27

Side scan Sonar

Answer 27

Emits conical or fan shaped pulses down toward the seafloor across a wide angle perpendicular to the path of the sensor through the water, which may be towed from a service vessel like a boat

Question 28

Friction Ridges

Answer 28

on fingertips and palms, soles,and toes - only fingerprints are in searchable data bases

Question 29

epidermis

Answer 29

top layer and sheds

Question 30

- Dermis:

Answer 30

blood vessels,sweat glands,nerves,(none of this is in epidermis)( ex: paper cut is dermis being penetrated)

Question 31

- Dermal papillae:

Answer 31

undulating surface on top of dermis under epidermis that lock. together; (creating friction ridges on fingers: for grip) unique to everyone Palms and soles of feet

Question 32

Questioned

Answer 32

Don’t know whose it is(usally compared to those in a system already

Question 33

Finger tip patterns

Answer 33

Loops( 2 types; most common) Whorls(8 types) Arch(r types; rare)

Question 34

Known Fingerprints

Answer 34

recognizable finger prints

Question 35

Anatomy of fingerprints

Answer 35

*Class characteristics Core Delta Type lines

Question 36

Core

Answer 36

Central most portion of fingerprint pattern

Question 37

Delta:

Answer 37

divergence of the type lines(or bondary of type lines and fingerprint pattern)

Question 38

Type Lines

Answer 38

surround fingerprint pattern

Question 39

minutiae

Answer 39

individual characteristics of finger prings(ex: the way it splitis

Question 40

Latent fingerprint

Answer 40

- fingerprint invisible to naked eye - Carbon black powder