QUIZ 2

Question 1

The functional unit of the kidney.

Answer 1

Nephron

Question 2

Those nephrons with glomeruli in the cortex close to the medulla.

Answer 2

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 3

The capillaries coalesce to form the efferent arteriole, which conducts blood away from the glomerulus and is returned to the systemic circulation through the

Answer 3

Renal vein.

Question 4

In mammals, the blood from the renal artery is delivered to the____________, which divides into numerous glomerular capillaries.

Answer 4

Afferent arteriole

Question 5

A powerful vasoconstrictor that causes vasoconstriction throughout the body, thereby increasing BP.

Answer 5

Angiotensin II

Question 6

Causes marked constriction of efferent arteriole, which increases glomerular pressure and also GFR but decreases RBF.

Answer 6

Angiotensin II

Question 7

The volume of blood delivered to the kidneys per unit time.

Answer 7

Renal blood flow (RBF)

Question 8

Are involved in feedback mechanisms that assist in the regulation of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate.

Answer 8

Juxtaglomerular cells

Question 9

Are associated with long looped nephrons and play an essential role in the formation of concentrated urine.

Answer 9

Vasa recta

Question 10

Greater glomerular pressure leads to greater filtration. Greater plasma flow results in a greater filtration rate.

Answer 10

Increase in filtration

Question 11

In the blood, it splits a renin substrate, an alpha-2 globulin, to angiotensin I, a decapeptide.

Answer 11

Alpha-2 globulin

Question 12

The dilated blind end of the nephron that consists of the invaginated capillary tuft called the glomerulus.

Answer 12

Glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule)

Question 13

Composed of a proximal convoluted portion and the proximal straight portion.

Answer 13

Proximal tubules

Question 14

The renal artery enters the kidney and branches to form the interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries, and afferent arterioles, which lead to the

Answer 14

Glomerular capillaries.

Question 15

Marks the beginning of the distal tubule.

Answer 15

Macula densa

Question 16

According to this theory, an increase in BP expands an artery, which then contracts to reduce RBF and glomerular HP, ultimately reducing GFR.

Answer 16

Myogenic theory

Question 17

The area between the glomerular tuft and Bowman’s capsule where glomerular filtrate is collected before entering the proximal tubule.

Answer 17

Bowman’s space

Question 18

Cells containing secretory granules that store renin, a proteolytic enzyme.

Answer 18

Juxtaglomerular cells

Question 19

Blood flow to the kidneys is normally ____ of the cardiac output.

Answer 19

22%

Question 20

The peritubular capillaries empty into the venous system, progressively forming the interlobular vein, arcuate vein, interlobar vein, and renal vein.

Answer 20

Peritubular capillaries

Question 21

These capillaries branch to form the vasa recta in the medulla and lie parallel to the loops of Henle, returning toward the cortex before emptying into cortical veins.

Answer 21

Peritubular capillaries

Question 22

The mechanism by which the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is altered in response to tubular flow rate changes.

Answer 22

Tubulo-glomerular feedback

Question 23

The site of glomerular filtrate collection before entering the proximal tubule.

Answer 23

Bowman’s space

Question 24

Organ primarily responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II.

Answer 24

Lungs

Question 25

The quantity of glomerular filtrate formed per minute in all nephrons of both kidneys per kg body weight.

Answer 25

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Question 26

Leads blood to the glomerular capillaries, where filtration begins.

Answer 26

Afferent arteriole function.

Question 27

Vasoconstrictor that increases BP by constricting efferent arterioles more than afferent arterioles, regulating GFR and RBF.

Answer 27

Angiotensin II's role in kidney function.

Question 28

Loop of Henle parts.

Answer 28

Descending thin limb, ascending thin limb, ascending thick limb

Question 29

The kidney consists of two regions.

Answer 29

Cortex; Medulla

Question 30

Efferent arterioles are constricted, maintaining normal GFR and waste excretion.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Percentage of cardiac output delivered to the kidneys.

Answer 31

17%

Question 32

Decrease in filtration is caused by ____________and _____________

Answer 32

Plasma Colloidal Osmotic Pressure, Bowman’s Capsular Pressure

Question 33

The smooth cells of the afferent and efferent arterioles that make contact with the macula densa.

Answer 33

Juxtaglomerular cells

Question 34

Cortical nephrons are associated with the loop of Henle that extend to the junction of the cortex and medulla.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Factors determining filtration pressure.

Answer 35

Glomerular pressure, Plasma Colloidal Osmotic Pressure, Bowman’s Capsular Pressure

Question 36

Vasa recta is associated with

Answer 36

Long looped nephrons

Question 37

Enumerations: Arterial Blood Flow

Answer 37

1. Interlobar Arteries 2. Arcuate Arteries 3. Interlobular Arteries 4. Afferent Arteries 5. Glomerular Arteries

Question 38

Enumeration: B. Venous Blood Flow

Answer 38

1. Glomerular Capillaries 2. Peritubular Capillaries 3. Efferent Arterioles 4. Interlobular Vein 5. Renal Vein

Question 39

Enumeration: C. Regulation of Renal Blood Flow

Answer 39

1. Renal Blood Flow (RBF) 2. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) 3. Water and Salt Reabsorption

Question 40

Enumeration: D. Factors Affecting Filtration Pressure

Answer 40

1. Glomerular Pressure 2. Plasma Colloidal Osmotic Pressure 3. Bowman’s Capsular Pressure

Question 41

Enumeration: E. Effects of Kidney Regulation

Answer 41

1. Decrease Glomerular Pressure 2. Increase Stimulation of Kidney 3. Increase GFR through afferent arteriole dilation