Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Furnishings Spring 2014 > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

(186 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Reductionism

A

Simplify down to essentials needed to communicate a period. Making a form simpler to construct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
A

Fraktur – Decorated documents

PENNSYLVANIA GERMAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
A

Fraktur – Decorated documents

  • Heart motif
  • Tulip Motif

PENNSYLVANIA GERMAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pennsylvania German motifs

A
  • Birds
  • Tulips
  • Hearts
  • Houses
  • Hex sign
  • Swastica
  • Angels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
A

Chest

  • Unicorn motif
  • Given to child when age 14
  • Holds dowry, frakturs inside lid
  • Also used as seating

PENNSYLVANIA GERMAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
A

Hex sign

PENNSYLVANIA GERMAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
A

Candle Boxes

  • Tulip motif
  • Painted

PENNSYLVANIA GERMAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
A

Schrank

PENNSYLVANIA GERMAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
A

Hutch

  • Curved detail in side elevation
  • flat top, straight elements

PENNSYLVANIA GERMAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
A

Plank chairs

  • Social influence: not comfortable because hardworking people do not prioritize sitting
  • Heart motif

PENNSYLVANIA GERMAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
A

Barns

  • Hex, horse motifs painted on building

PENNSYLVANIA GERMAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
A

Bedroom

PENNSYLVANIA GERMAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
A

Fraktur style dining room

PENNSYLVANIA GERMAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Shaker dates

A

1800 - 1860

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A

Built-in drawers

  • Do not have to clean around pieces of furniture
  • Keeps things out of sight / away from dust and mold

SHAKER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Shaker philosophy

A

The Millennial Laws – Shaker’s philosophy in life and design:

  • Simplicity - Objects should not “…. feed the pride and vanity of man”
  • Utility - “Anything many be called perfect which perfectly answers the purpose for which it was designed,” “Beauty rests on utility”
  • Communal character
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
A

Chair

  • Flame-like finial
  • Simple
  • High quality construction

SHAKER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
A

Bed

  • Put on casters so that they can be easily moved and cleaned under

SHAKER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
A

Bentwood rocking chair

SHAKER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
A

Shaker peg rail

  • Value cleanliness because many unrelated people live together with no running water
  • Pegs make it easy to clean floors

SHAKER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
A

Spider leg table

SHAKER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
A

Exposed dovetail

  • No nails / metal
  • high quality

SHAKER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
A

Chest

SHAKER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
A

Sewing stand and stool

  • Wooden knobs blend in
  • Education was not a priority, so not many desks
  • Community influence: may be used by two people at a time

SHAKER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Sisters' workroom - Sewing table used by two people at time SHAKER
26
Dining room - All chair the same - sense of community SHAKER
27
Table swift - Used to string yarns of wool SHAKER
28
Tailor counter SHAKER
29
Wash shop - Clothes are washed by people in the community SHAKER
30
American Victorian - Gothic Revival and Elizabethan dates:
1840 - 1880
31
American Victorian revivals
- Gothic - Rococo - Renaissance No consistency in historical basis / Eclecticism
32
Qualities of American Victorian Gothic revival
- Freed designers from Greek revivals’ strictness - Ecclesiastical message
33
A rendering of the House of Parliament, 1836 English draftsman - Augustus Charles Pugin ENGLISH GOTHIC REVIVAL
34
Caricature of Gothic furniture by English draftsman, Augustus Charles Pugin ENGLISH GOTHIC REVIVAL - pointed arch - trefoil / quatrefoil - tracery - verticality
35
Forces at work: American Victorian Gothic Revival / Elizabethan
* *Industrial revolution** - Middle-class, hard-working families - New wealth, status conscious customers * *Population changes** - Increase - Rural-urban migration * *Home decorating becomes a woman’s domain** - Design education - Formal training - Magazines - Designers
36
Implications for design: American Victorian: Gothic Revival / Elizabethan
* *Many styles to choose from** - No consistency in historical basis **Status conscious consumers** **Women in charge of decoration** * *Demand for comfort** - Overstuffed furniture pieces * *Eclecticism** - Different rooms of the house had different styles of furniture and design - Different materials as well! Eg, Iron, Papier mache, Bentwood, Wicker
37
Rose window - Tracery AMERICAN VICTORIAN: GOTHIC REVIVAL
38
Floorplan for **Faculty Residences, Virginia Military Institute** - asymmetrical (people were tired of symmetry) - strong diagonal, *applied selectively* AMERICAN VICTORIAN: GOTHIC REVIVAL
39
Furniture characteristics: American Victorican: Gothic Revival and Elizabethan
- Embellished with tracery and other Gothic carving - Rose window and pointed arch are typical motifs - Traditional – not so innovative - Simplified production to be easily manufactured
40
elevation of the Lyndhurst by Alexander Jackson Davis - verticality - more windows closer to roof line AMERICAN VICTORIAN: GOTHIC REVIVAL
41
Lyndhurst - Alexander Jackson Davis AMERICAN VICTORIAN: GOTHIC REVIVAL
42
Lyndhurst’s picture gallery AMERICAN VICTORIAN: GOTHIC REVIVAL
43
Lyndhurst’s library AMERICAN VICTORIAN: GOTHIC REVIVAL
44
Lyndhurst’s bedrooms - Tall, massive space - Huge beds - Some color AMERICAN VICTORIAN: GOTHIC REVIVAL
45
William Rotch House - “Painted Cottage” - Alexander Jackson Davis house design - Carpenter Gothic style - pointed arches - wood tracery now possible due to saw invention AMERICAN VICTORIAN: GOTHIC REVIVAL
46
Chair - Tracery - Pointed arch - deer's hooves feet - Alexander Jackson Davis AMERICAN VICTORIAN: GOTHIC REVIVAL
47
Octagonal table AMERICAL VICTORIAN: GOTHIC REVIVAL
48
Alexander Jackson Davis chair - stretcher looks like buttresses AMERICAN VICTORIAN: GOTHIC REVIVAL
49
Wheel-back chair - Alexander Jackson Davis AMERICAN VICTORIAN: GOTHIC REVIVAL
50
Andrew Jackson Downing – Cottage residences - asymmetrical plan AMERICAN VICTORIAN: GOTHIC REVIVAL
51
Andrew Jackson Downing – Cottage residences - Formal/Public in the front, private in the back AMERICAN VICTORIAN: GOTHIC REVIVAL
52
Andrew Jackson Downing – Timber cottage villa AMERICAN VICTORIAN: GOTHIC REVIVAL
53
Wedding Cake House AMERICAN VICTORIAN: GOTHIC REVIVAL
54
Carson Mansion AMERICAN VICTORIAN: GOTHIC REVIVAL
55
Andrew Jackson Downing – LeDuc mansion AMERICAN VICTORIAN: GOTHIC REVIVAL
56
Sunnyside - Achieves pointed arch by stacking - more affordable AMERICAN VICTORIAL: ELIZABETHAN
57
Dining room at sunnyside AMERICAN VICTORIAN: ELIZABETHAN
58
Platform rocker - Turnings are more affordable ELIZABETHAN
59
ELIZABETHAN
60
American Victorian - Rococo Revival dates
1840 - 1870
61
Forces at work - American Victorian Rococo Revival
- Industrial revolution - Population changes - Home decorating becomes a woman’s domain - Design education
62
Crystal Palace - celebrates structure / supports - popularized cast iron AMERICAN VICTORIAN - ROCOCO REVIVAL
63
Carved walnut chair Examples from the Great Exhibition - Elaborate: carved all the way through / 3D AMERICAN VICTORIAN ROCOCO REVIVAL
64
American Victorian: Rococo Revival implications for design
- Many styles to choose from (No consistency in historical basis) - Status conscious consumers - Women in charge of decoration - Demand for comfort (Overstuffed furniture pieces) - Eclecticism: Different rooms of the house had different styles of furniture and design, Different materials as well! (Iron, Papier mache, Bentwood, Wicker, horn)
65
What rooms utilized Rococo and Renaissance revival more than other rooms
Bedrooms and parlors
66
Laminated rosewood arm chair
- Exaggerated curves - Larger, deeper, more life-like carving - Balloon shaped back pinched at the waist - Overstuffed upholstery - Cabriole legs - Hoof foot - Symbol of hierarchy - Status chair reserved for Men
67
Parlor set - symbol of wealth Rococo revival - Arm chair - Lady's chair - Sofa - Four parlor chairs Size of chairs relate to hierarchical importance
68
Triple-arch sofa - alternating C-scrolls - sofas are symbols of hospitality and friendship - upholstery and buttoning as status symbol AMERICAN VICTORIAN ROCOCO REVIVAL
69
Serpentine sofa AMERICAL VICTORIAN ROCOCO
70
MEDALLION SIDE CHAIRS - fluidity of seat AMERICAN VICTORIAN ROCOCO REVIVAL
71
Rococo revival chair - pinched back - serpentine seat - overstuffed seat - cabriole legs - hoof foot
72
Center table - An emblem of the family circle (top is a circle) - Parlor table (not dining) - marble tops - grapes - arched stretchers with finial AMERICAN VICTORIAN ROCOCO REVIVAL
73
Pier Table - C-scrolls - arched stretcher - finial AMERICAN VICTORIAN ROCOCO REVIVAL
74
Étagère or what-not - used to display prized family possesions - used by women AMERICAN VICTORIAN ROCOCO REVIVAL
75
Astral lamp AMERICAN VICTORIAN ROCOCO
76
- Atrsal lamp - Carpeting - Étagère - Heavy wall paper AMERICAN VICTORIAN ROCOCO
77
AMERICAN VICTORIAN ROCOCO REVIVAL BEDROOM Lincoln bedroom - Carved bedsteads with tall headboards - No need for the four-poster bed due to central heat! - No need for highboys since houses have built- in closets!
78
Canopy bed - buttons AMERICAN VICTORIAN ROCOCO REVIVAL
79
Rosewood dressing table AMERICAN VICTORIAN ROCOCO REVIVAL
80
Garden Bench - c-scrolls - s-scrolls - look of carving AMERICAN VICTORIAN ROCOCO
81
Papier-mâché chair - most examples not longer exist due to quality of glue - created beauce victorian era valued experimentation and innovation - mother of pearl inlay and painting AMERICAN VICTORIAN ROCOCO REVIVAL
82
Whorled foot AMERICAN VICTORIAN ROCOCO REVIVAL
83
Bentwood furniture Thoney brothers advertisement - catalogues / mas production AMERICAN VICTORIAN ROCOCO REVIVAL
84
Bentwood rocker Thonet Brothers AMERICAN VICTORIAN ROCOCO REVIVAL
85
Bentwood Chair - mass manufactured AMERICAN VICTORIAN ROCOCO REVIVAL
86
Wicker furniture - More common for garden or sunroom AMERICAN VICTORIAN ROCOCO REVIVAL
87
American Victorian: Renaissance Revival DATES
1850-1880
88
Armchair - Triangular drop shape on skirt - Tassel projections on the crest – look like ears - Arm rests are separated from the back, fooling expectations - Back of the chair floats - Human-like arm supports AMERICAN VICTORIAN RENAISSANCE REVIVAL
89
American Victorian Renaissance Revival qualities
- Triangular shapes - Novelty / boldness / surprise / contrast - Cater to the middle class - Ebonized wood
90
Sideboard MOTIFS: Columns, rosettes, flowers and fruit, ormolu, cartouches, medallions, plaques and cameo inserts, urns, caryatids, scrolls, classical busts, animal heads AMERICAN VICTORIAN RENAISSANCE REVIVAL
91
Cameo A gem or a shell carved in relief, especially when the raised design and background have contrasting colors. - Satisfies Victorians’ love of the unexpected AMERICAN VICTORIAN RENAISSANCE REVIVAL
92
Sideboard - Ionic capital - Veneers / inlays - Plaques - porcelain, bronze, mother of pearl - inlaid or applied AMERICAN VICTORIAN RENAISSANCE REVIVAL
93
SOFA - finials - triangular pediment - ears - inset cameo - tapering leg with ring on the cuff - triangular drops on the seat rail AMERICAN VICTORIAN RENAISSANCE REVIVAL
94
ARMCHAIRS - triangular drop - cuffed legs - more angular than rococo AMERICAN VICTORIAN RENAISSANCE REVIVAL
95
Sofa - back divided into three parts AMERICAN VICTORIAN RENAISSANCE REVIVAL
96
Bed - Headboard recalls church façade - Walnut was the most popular wood - pine and ash were also used for less expensive pieces. - Footboard grows in importance - Monumental proportions exhibit the Victorian penchant for conspicuous consumption AMERICAN VICTORIAN RENAISSANCE REVIVAL
97
Eastlake
The “Brown Decades” 1870-1890
98
Pedestal - more affordable (Eastlake was a period of 20 years in recession) - machine made (not a carver) resulting in more **straight lines**, turnings, etching EASTLAKE
99
``` “Hints on Household Taste” Hanging Press (1878) By Charles Locke Eastlake ``` - Popularizer of Morris’ (Arts+Crafts) ideas - He criticized poor construction, overblown designs, and the ornate decoration of Victorian furniture *Nationalistic battles* France versus England // Curve versus straight line
100
Library bookcase EASTLAKE
101
DRAWING ROOM SOFA EASTLAKE
102
ARMCHAIR - spindles / turnings (inexpensive interest) - straightness incisions instead of carvings EASTLAKE
103
PARLOR SET - Simplified turning - Low relief carving - Spindles on the crest rail - Flattened crest rail EASTLAKE
104
Variations of the Grecian couch - Less curves - more rectangular - turned finials EASTLAKE
105
Fall-front desk - (c. 1880) - Marquetry flowers and leaves (decorative pattern of thin sheets of wood fixed on the surface) - Ebonized wood (cuts cost down and enables use of woods like pine) EASTLAKE
106
Eastlake DATES
1870-1890
107
Art Nouveau dates
1890-1915
108
Art Nouveau: guiding values
Freedom, honesty, and simplicity! - An end to historicism and nationalism - Counteracting capitalism Simple furniture and honest construction might lead to honesty and simplicity in everyday life Furniture and interiors becomes a vehicle for social reform
109
Two different kinds of Art Nouveau
Geometric vs. Curved
110
What did Van Gogh contribute to Art Nouveau?
Whiplash line
111
Universal forms that inspired art nouveau
nature and geometry
112
Victor Horta house in Brussels, Belgium "Portrait Houses" ART NOUVEAU
113
Victor Horta house in Brussels, Belgium - avoid 90 degree angles - sometimes skylight places over stairs "Portrait Houses" ART NOUVEAU
114
Victor Horta house in Brussels, Belgium "Portrait Houses" - Natural light and mirrors optimize the effect of a coninuous series of spaces - Gold used ART NOUVEAU
115
Victor Horta dining room in Brussels, Belgium "Portrait Houses" - Color unifies the room - White enameled brick on the walls – honesty!!!!! - Wood-parquet and mosaic floors - Exposing the supports! - Light with windows - Elegant, light, unpretentious ART NOUVEAU
116
Victor Horta Bed - Looks like butterfly - influenced by nature - No 90 degree angles ART NOUVEAU
117
Tassel House - Brussels, Belgium - Victor Horta - more pronounced curved lines in balcony, railings ART NOUVEAU
118
Tassel house - Victor Horta - Central stair as organizing element - Limited walls - as many openings and as far of views as possible - Flowing spaces - heralding a modern idea! ART NOUVEAU
119
Tassel house - Brussels, Belgium - Victor Horta Section shows open feeling within home ART NOUVEAU
120
Plan of mosaic pattern on the floor Tassel house Victor Horta - Lines spill from staircase onto floor ART NOUVEAU
121
Tassel house Brussels, Belgium - Melding the ideas of structural, architectural, and ornamental into one - Warm colors - lines move from rails to floor and walls ART NOUVEAU
122
Chairs - Belgium - Natural shape / butterfly shape - Space between skirt and seat ART NOUVEAU
123
Paris Metro Station HECTOR GUIMARD - Iron, glass ART NOUVEAU
124
Casa Batllo, Barcelona Antoni Gaudi - Constructed like a creature ART NOUVEAU
125
Second floor plan – expressiveness and fluidity Casa Batllo Antoni Gaudi Barcelona ART NOUVEAU
126
Apartment interior: Casa Batllo - Undulating ceilings - exuberant curves - biomorphic furniture Antoni Gaudi, Barcelona ART NOUVEAU
127
Gaudi biomorphic chair ART NOUVEAU
128
Hill House Helensburgh, Scotland - Charles Rennie Mackintosh - Geometric Art Nouveau - A spare and austere version Little squares in windows ART NOUVEAU
129
Hill House Helensburgh, Scotland - Charles Rennie Mackintosh - Geometric Art Nouveau - Darkness contrast with the lightness of bedrooms - little squares in table legs, light fixtures, mosaic floors ART NOUVEAU
130
Hill House Helensburgh, Scotland - Charles Rennie Mackintosh - Geometric Art Nouveau - A spare and austere version Little squares Women were demanding more rights, including less cluttered interiors to take care of. ART NOUVEAU
131
Hill House Chair and cabinets Helensburgh, Scotland - Charles Rennie Mackintosh - Geometric Art Nouveau - A spare and austere version - Little squares - Verticality ART NOUVEAU
132
Argyle chair - back continues to the floor - oval at top of back, repeated at back base ART NOUVEAU
133
Mackintosh's roses - influenced by Mackintosh's wife, Margaret Macdonald (artist) ART NOUVEAU
134
Gesso Painting with Glass Beads - Willow Tea Room Glasgow (1903) By Margaret Macdonald (Mackintosh’s wife) ART NOUVEAU
135
Secession House Vienna, Austria Joseph Maria Olbrich - Where people would assemble. They hoped to change the world. ART NOUVEAU
136
Secession House Vienna, Austria Joseph Maria Olbrich Little squares everywhere GEOMETRIC ART NOUVEAU
137
Secession House Vienna, Austria Joseph Maria Olbrich ART NOUVEAU
138
Gustav Klimt - Eroticism - Nudity ART NOUVEAU
139
Louis Comfort Tiffany Dragon Fly table lamp - naturalistic motifs ART NOUVEAU
140
Louis Sullivan National Farmers Bank, Owatonna, MN - little squares - geometric profile - naturalistic motifs in elaborated tile ART NOUVEAU
141
Casa Mila, multifamily housing Antonio Gaudi, Barcelona ART NOUVEAU
142
Sagrada Familia church – Antoni Gaudi ART NOUVEAU
143
Glasgow School of Art Scotland ART NOUVEAU
144
Willow Tea Room Glasgow An atmosphere of luxury Charles Rennie Mackintosh ART NOUVEAU
145
Willow chair – 1904 - By Mackintosh 1) Designed for the porter at the Willow Tea Room 2) Back alludes to a willow tree! ART NOUVEAU
146
Bassett-Lowke’s guest bedroom ART NOUVEAU
147
Post Office Savings Bank Vienna Otto Wagner Father of the Viennese avant-garde ART NOUVEAU
148
Palais Stoclet Brussels Designed by Wiener Werkstatte – Joseph Hoffman and Koloman Moser ART NOUVEAU
149
Chair by Josef Hoffman ART NOUVEAU
150
Sgraffito, Cauchie House Belgium ART NOUVEAU
151
Seed shop France ART NOUVEAU
152
Hannon Hotel Belgium ART NOUVEAU
153
Ciamberlani’s Window House Belgium ART NOUVEAU
154
Hotel Central Prague ART NOUVEAU
155
Hotel Europa Prague PRAGUE
156
Villa Henlenka Prague ART NOUVEAU
157
Arts and Crafts years
1861 - 1925
158
Desires that guided Arts & Crafts
Same as art nouveau - honesty, simplicity, uninhibited
159
"Arts and crafts" and "Art Nouveau" are
movements
160
Stickley stool ARTS AND CRAFTS
161
Qualities of Arts and Crafts:
- Simplicity of design - Honesty of contruction (exposed pegs) - Functionalism (well constructed)
162
John Ruskin - Art Critic / intellectual - inspired arts and crafts movement - Wrote "The Stones of Venice" & "The Seven Lamps of Architecture" - Reacted against revivalism - Popularized art and appealed to middle class - Tied past to the present (in a new way) - Advocated truth to materials - Enjoyment in the making - Preservation for future generations - Art is a public concern. No nation can ignore it without endangering its social existence
163
William Morris - Designer Followed Ruskin's ideas - Warned of the dangers of industrialization – it separates the worker from the pleasure of design, resulting in poorly designed products - Called for a return to hand craftsmanship and to making good design available to the masses - Improving society through good design - Painter, architect, designer, craftsman, writer, book-maker, socialist crusader - worked to provide goods for all classes - made windows, metal work, furniture, embroideries, textiles
164
Morris and Company ARTS AND CRAFTS
165
Sussex chair William Morris and Co. ARTS AND CRAFTS
166
The Arming of a knight William Morris and Co. ARTS AND CRAFTS
167
William Morris interior ARTS AND CRAFTS
168
Brother Rabbit Wallpaper William Morris ARTS AND CRAFTS
169
Marigold Wallpaper William Morris and Co. ARTS AND CRAFTS
170
Wandle Chintz William Morris and Co
171
Daisy pattern Morris and Co. ARTS AND CRAFTS
172
Lily Morris and Co. ARTS AND CRAFTS
173
Poppy William Morris and Co. ARTS AND CRAFTS
174
Gamble house Pasadena Greene and Greene Architects - Influenced by Japanese design, celebrating honesty of construction, overhanging roofs, exposed pegs/metal ARTS AND CRAFTS
175
Greene and Greene armchair - intricate carving - mahogany - ebony wood - sometimes inlays ARTS AND CRAFTS
176
Cloud detail - Japanese influence ARTS AND CRAFTS
177
Gustav Stickley's "Morris" chair - rectangular - rows of vertical lines - exposed pegs - oak (more affordable) - less decorated than arts and crafts - adjustable back MISSION
178
Gustav Stickley Was able to create high quality pieces while utilizing mass-production Simplicity, Honesty, Functionality
179
Postcard Desk Stickley - vertical slats - original hardware ARTS AND CRAFTS
180
Lift-front desk Stickley - Avoiding ornament – as a parasite, it absorbs the strength of the organism on which it feeds! - Oak - Exposed tenons ARTS AND CRAFTS
181
Harvey Ellis’s chair Inlay should emphasize “the structural lines; accenting in most cases the vertical elements, and so giving a certain slenderness of effect to a whole which was otherwise too solid and heavy.” ARTS AND CRAFTS
182
Mission Magazine Rack
183
Sideboard MISSION
184
Keyed-through tenon MISSION
185
California Bungalows ARTS AND CRAFTS
186
BUNGALOW INTERIOR ARTS AND CRAFTS

Furnishings Spring 2014 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions