Quiz 2 Flashcards by breanna paijean

Chemistry

Study of matter, it’s composition, structure, and properties

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Matter

anything that has mass and occupies space

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mass

defines the quantity of matter in an object

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what are the two types of matter?

pure substance, mixture

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What are the two types of pure substances?

compound, element

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what are the two types of mixtures?

homogenous, heterogenous

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If matter can be seperated by physical processes, what is it?

mixture

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if matter can not be separated by physical processes, what is it?

pure substance

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what pure substance can be seperated by chemical processes

compound

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what pure substance can not be seperated by chemical processes

element

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pure substance definition

same physical and cheical properties all the way through. Can not be seperated by physical processes into simpler subtances

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Can a pure substance be seperated by physical processes?

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definition of mixture

composed of two or more substances. Can be broken down by physical processes

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Law of Constant Composition

every sample of a compound contains the same amount (proportion) and same elements. Ex: H20, always twice as much O and H

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atoms

smallest part of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element

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molecule

collection of atoms, chemically bonded together and having constant proportion

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chemical formula

uses symbols to show elements in a compound, and numerical subscripts to indicate the number of atoms present.

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chemical reactions

show the transformation of one or more substances into other substances

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chemical equations

uses chemical formulas to represent the substances involved

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diatomic atoms

always shown in pairs (example: H and O)

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examples of physical ways to separate parts of a mixture

filtration, distillation

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filtration

separate a solid from a liquid by passing through a filter

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distillation

separate a solid from a liquid by evaporation and condensation (make sea water into regular water)

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intensive property and 4 examples

independent on the amount of stuff present. (color, hardness, concentration, density)

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extensive property and 3 examples

Dependent on the amount of matter present. (mass, volume, amount of energy)

physical property and 8 examples

property of a substance that you can see without changing it chemically. (luster, hardness, color, odor, FP, MP, BP, density)

chemical property and 3 examples

must perform a chemical reaction (when one thing reacts with another). (heat of combustion, pH, reactivity with water)

3 physical properties of water

normally freezes at 0.0C, can be used to put out fires, cork floats/copper sinks (cork and copper's density)

chemical property of water

during digestion, starch reacts with water to create sugar.

three things about a solid

definite shape and volume well organized not compressable

two things about a liquid

definite volume/indefinite shape | less organized

three things about a gas

no definite shape or volume very disorganized highly compressable

sublimation

Solid to gas

deposition

gas to solid

solid to gas

sublimation

gas to soild

deposition

gas to liquid

condensation

solid to liquid

melting

liquid to gas

vaporization

scientific method

method of acquiring knowledge through observation and experimentation

hypothesis

(educated guess) - tentative and testable explanation of an observation (or multiple observations

scientific theory

general explanation of widely observed phenomena that have been extensively tested

scientific law

fundamental principal of science, often mathematical, just an observation

scientific law

general explanation of widely observed phenomena that have been extensively tested

scientific theory

(educated guess) - tentative and testable explanation of an observation (or multiple observations

hypothesis

method of acquiring knowledge through observation and experimentation

scientific method

multiplication and division sig fig rule

answer should have same # of sig fig as number in problem with least sig fig

addition and subtraction sig fig rule

answer should have same # of digits after decimal point as number in problem with least # of decimal points.

mixed operations, what sig fig rule?

least number of sig fig in problem

is density an intensive or extensive property

intensive

is density a physical or chemical property

physical

density equation

m/v

volume units

g/mL or g/cm^3

what two volume units are equal

mL and cm^3

converting temperature (Kelvin)

K= C + 273.15

converting temperature (F)

F=9/5 x C + 32

who discovered atoms? | did people believe his theory?

Democrites | no

who made a better definition of atoms? | what year?

John Dalton (1808)

Dalton's Atomic Theory (4 things)

- elements are composed of extremely small portions (atoms) - atoms of a given element are identical (not true today) - compounds are composed of atoms of more than one element (ratios stay the same) - chemical reactions involve only the combination, separation, or rearrangement of atoms (NO CREATION OR DELETION OF ATOMS) (law of conservation of mass)

atom

basic unit of an element that can enter chemical combination (at the time thought to be the smallest)

electrons

electrically negative particles

what is the smallest of the three subatomic particles

electrons

radiation definition

transmission and emission of energy through space, in the form of waves

who discovered X-Rays

Wilhelm Rontgen

how did the person discover X-Rays

noticed glass and metal were emitting unusual rays (energy). They had no charge, and could not be deflected by a magnet.

Who called the X-rays radioactivity

Marie Curie

Who is Marie Curie

She called the X-rays radioactivity

three things about x-rays

very high energy emitted by electrons slightly lower energy than gamma rays

Who discovered fluorescence, and what is it?

Becquerel | fluorescence is the emission of light from a substance that has absorbed energy

Marie Curie called fluorescence what?

a natural form of radiation

What ways is radiation emitted?

Alpha rays, Beta rays, and Gamma rays

Alpha charge and mass

+2 charge. mass = 4

beta charge and mass

-1 charge. mass = 0

gamma charge and mass

no charge, no mass

Who invented the plum pudding model and what is it?

Thompson. | positively charged sphere with negatively charged particles.

who invented the planetary model and what is it?

Rutherford. (gold foil experiment) he shot alpha (+) particles through gold foil and expected them to go straight through. Instead, some deflected = something positively charged and dense is in the middle (NUCLEUS)

what did the planetary model find?

nucleus

what did the plum pudding model find?

structure of an atom

Quiz 2 Flashcards

(79 cards)