Quiz 2 Flashcards

(52 cards)

1
Q

Scatter is?

A

Photons redirected by patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is scatter bad?

A

Increases personnel exposure

Reduces image quality/ contrast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do you reduce scatter?

A

Grids

Collimation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What color is unprocessed x-ray film- straight out of the box?

A

Green

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What color is unexposed, developed and fixed piece of film on view box

A

White or CLEAR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What color represents exposed, devloped and fixed piece of x-ray film.

A

Black/ dark

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

UNDEREXPOSED is what color

A

WHITE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

OVEREXPOSED is what color

A

BLACK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Image in the thorax you want a ___ kvp and ___ mAs

A

HIGH kVp

LOW mAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Image in the abdomen you want a ___ kvp and ____ mAs

A

LOW kVp

High mAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

EXPOSURE MEANS WHAT

A

BLACK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some reasons a portable x-ray machine should not be hand-held when x-raying a horse?

A

Motion artifact

Personnel exposure if machine is not adequately shielding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a grid

A

Rectangular plate with thin alternating strips of lead an Al

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why are grids used?

A

Placed between patient and film or digital plate to intercept scatter produced in patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When are Grids used?

A

When patients measure MORE than 10cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

By standing 4 ft away from the person radiographing a horse instead of 2ft away, your personnel radiation exposure decreases by how much?

A

Exposure decrease 1/4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

To increase contrast how would you adjust mAs and kVp?

A

INC mAs

DEC kVp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What has the best spatial resolution?

  • digital rads
  • CT
  • MRI
A

Digital Rads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

which has the best contrast resolution

  • Digital rads
  • CT
  • MRI
A

CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which employs tomography?

  • Digital rads
  • CT
  • MRI
A

CT & MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which uses ionizing radiation?

  • Digital rads
  • CT
  • MRI
A
  • Digital rads

- CT

22
Q

Which can be reconstructed in planes other than were originally acquired

  • Digital rads
  • CT
  • MRI
23
Q

Which can benefit from use of contrast medium?

  • Digital rads
  • CT
  • MRI
A
  • Digital rads
  • CT
  • MRI
24
Q

What would you use for fractured bone?

  • Digital rads
  • CT
  • MRI
25
Which would you use on dog with recent onset of seizures? - Digital rads - CT - MRI
CT
26
What would you use on dog with bilateral elbow pain? - Digital rads - CT - MRI
CT
27
What would you use on paraplegic K9 - Digital rads - CT - MRI
MRI
28
What would you use on Fel with resp difficulty? - Digital rads - CT - MRI
Digital Rads
29
What would you use to determine Surgical respectability
CT
30
Fat shows up BRIGHT in all but? - t2 - t1 - FLAIR - STIR
Stir- fat is dark in STIR ——You STIR out all the fat
31
CSF is BRIGHT in?
T2-bright T1- dark Flair- dark Stir- bright
32
Superimposition
Structure appears in unexpected location and is misinterpreted as leasion- tick!!
33
Summation
Overlapping structures create summation opacity that is not really present
34
Silhouette sign
Effacement of border of two structures of same radiographic opacity that are in contact
35
The 5 radiographic opacities are?
``` Air Fat Metal Water Bone ```
36
When two structures of the same opacity touch each other and efface the boarder its Called?
Silhouette sign (kidneys)
37
What would you see on a Cat rad that would assure you it was a cat not a dog?
``` High peritoneal fat Vert elongated Lumbar muscles are seen NO spleen spleen seen in later view Pylorus more medial in cat Cecum in cats Sall ```
38
In order to see deeper structures you sacrifice resolution by choosing....
LOWER FREQUENCY | -allows signal to travel further into body
39
Ultrasound- In order to see superficial structures (closer to surface) you choose ....
Higher frequency
40
Clean acoustic shadowing
Made at bone tissue interface Looks homogenous BLACK
41
Dirty acoustic shadowing
At tissue gas interface Inhomogenous WHITE
42
HYPERECHOIC
WHITE
43
ANECHOIC
BLACK
44
HYPOECHOIC
MORE OF GREY SCALE
45
ISOECHOIC
Echogenitcity of two structures is same
46
Acoustic shadowing
Waves go through fluid so machine is overcompensating for what is behind the image
47
Edge shadowing
Shadow passing on the edges of a spherical structure
48
Slice thickness
Concave structure wave hit at different times at the structure- machine averages and you get a “wonky” image You have to rule out sediment/sludge - so shake the animal (gently here) if it doesn’t move it is splice thickness
49
Mirror image artifact
Diaphragm and air coming together | BRIGHT AF because the air (lungs ) are up against the diaphragm
50
What is better about a high frequency probe
A high frequency probe provides better resolution and reduce penetration
51
Ultrasound on horses abdomen, what do you want to use?
High penetration with low frequency and low resolution
52
``` My — medulla (MOST hypoechoic) Cat — cortex Loves— liver Sunny —spleen Places— prostate (Most hyperechoic) ```
The medulla is hypoechoic to the spleen ext