Quiz #2

Question 1

When was the Renaissance in Italy and why was it important and unique? Name some of its initiators and their accomplishments.

Answer 1

The Renaissance- 14th to 16th centuries

    1. Man is the measure of all things
    2. Petrarch and the Renaissance Man 1330
    3. Development of perspective
    4. Order and Reason, powerful families in Italian city-states such as Florence
    5. Raphael- 1483-1520 Influence of the Classical Quarry
            a. Geometric Arrangements, stately, clear and calm
            b. Monumentality and clear light
            c. Madonna of the Meadow- 1505
   6. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
            a. The Mona Lisa ca. 1504 [view an image of a parody of the Mona Lisa]
            b. Sfumato
            c. perspective

Question 2

How did Renaissance painting exhibit ideas that were both rooted in the past and yet innovative and new? Give examples.

Answer 2

The Renaissance- 14th to 16th centuries
B. The Baroque Period 1600-1715 Italy
1. Religious energy and power
2. Experiments with space, light, drama
3. Caravaggio and the Concept of Tenebrism
a. Chiaroscuro
b. Calling of St. Matthew 1600- tax gatherer and agents
c. Liberation of art, theatricality, forced perspective, dynamism
Conversion of St. Paul by Caravaggio 1601- Baroque Art
4. Artemisia Gentileschi- Judith with the Head of Holofernes 1625 i
a. Holofernes is Assyrian general of 6th century B.C.
b. Artemisia is daughter of a follower of Caravaggio
5. Rembrandt-1606- 1669 Dutch art, Return of the Prodigal Son
a. The psychology of light
b. Influential on theater and cinema

Question 3

What were some of the major principles of Renaissance art and architecture?

Answer 3

Rembrandt-1606- 1669 Dutch art, Return of the Prodigal,

    a. The psychology of light
    b. Influential on theater and cinema

6. Borromini- 17th century Italian Baroque architect of St. Carlo, church in     C. Rococo Period in France 1715-1800
    1. Reaction to the power of Baroque
    2. Germain Boffrand, Hotel de Soubise, Paris, France 1737-1740
    3. François de Cuvillies (1695-1768) Hall of Mirrors, Amalienburg at Nymphenburg, Castle in Munich, Germany, decorated by Zimmerman and Dietrich in 1734
        a. Light and delicate, pale, cluttered, putti or cherub figures, love themes, playful
        b. Contrast to Borromini  a typical Rococo interior
     4. Jean-Honore Fragonard (1732-1806)- The Swing 1766

Question 4

What was unique about Baroque, Mannerist, and Rococo art and architecture? Describe some of the key characteristics that distinguishes each movement from the other.

Answer 4

. The Baroque Period 1600-1715 Italy
1. Religious energy and power
2. Experiments with space, light, drama
3. Caravaggio and the Concept of Tenebrism
a. Chiaroscuro
b. Calling of St. Matthew 1600- tax gatherer and agents
c. Liberation of art, theatricality, forced perspective, dynamism
Conversion of St. Paul by Caravaggio 1601- Baroque Art

C. Rococo Period in France 1715-1800

    1. Reaction to the power of Baroque
    2. Germain Boffrand, Hotel de Soubise, Paris, France 1737-1740
    3. François de Cuvillies (1695-1768) Hall of Mirrors, Amalienburg at Nymphenburg, Castle in Munich, Germany, decorated by Zimmerman and Dietrich in 1734
        a. Light and delicate, pale, cluttered, putti or cherub figures, love themes, playful
        b. Contrast to Borromini a typical Rococo interior

Mannerism, also known as Late Renaissance,[1] is a style in European art that emerged in the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520 and lasted until about end of the 16th century in Italy, when the Baroque style began to replace it. Northern Mannerism continued into the early 17th century.[2]

Question 5

Rembrandt and Caravaggio were both Baroque artists and yet each offered a different approach to painting. How did they compare and contrast with each other in their approach to art?

Answer 5

5. Rembrandt-1606- 1669 Dutch art, Return of the Prodigal Son
   a. The psychology of light
   b. Influential on theater and cinema

B. The Baroque Period 1600-1715 Italy
1. Religious energy and power
2. Experiments with space, light, drama
3. Caravaggio and the Concept of Tenebrism
a. Chiaroscuro
b. Calling of St. Matthew 1600- tax gatherer and agents
c. Liberation of art, theatricality, forced perspective, dynamism
Conversion of St. Paul by Caravaggio 1601- Baroque Art

Question 6

The ancient Romans had a big influence on later art. What sort of things were taken from the Romans and applied in later art movements and in civic thought in general?

Answer 6

C. The Classical Revival–Neo-Classical Art
1. Robert Adam, Osterley House 1767 2. Rediscovery of ancient Roman Pompeii 1750s- destroyed in A.D. 79 by eruption of volcano Mount Vesuvius, near Naples
3. Emma Hamilton- (1761-1815) Grecian attitudes gauze dance, wife of William Hamilton, mistress of Lord Nelson
D. The Royal Pavilion in Brighton

The Royal Pavilion in Brighton- 1815-1818 John Nash, Hindoo Gothic!
E. French Romanticism-
1. Eclecticism and nostalgia for the exotic
2. Napoleon III and Eugenie- the omphalos of civilization
3. Haussmann and the new boulevards
4. The Industrial Revolution and the Nouveau Riche
5. The Second Empire 1852-1870

Question 7

Discuss why Jean-Jacques Rousseau is a key figure for the Romantic Period.

Answer 7

A. Romanticism- The Reaction to Rococo- Jean-Jacques Rousseau, French Revolution 1789–

1. 1750-1900 reaction to the artifice of   Rococo -- Search for natural expression of emotion- Jean-Jacques Rousseau [view an image of Rousseau]
2. The Natural Man, Simple Peasant
3. Nostalgia for the glorious past as it never was

Question 8

How does the Gothic novel fit into the Romantic period? What were some of its characteristics?

Answer 8

B. Gothic Revival- Horace Walpole (1717- 1797) and Strawberry Hill, England [view an image of Horace Walpole]

1. Stained glass, ribbed vaults, mullions, clustered chimney
2. Flemish stepped gable
3. Deliberate asymmetry, secret passages
4. Gothic seen as the age of mystery
5. Confusion with Romanesque, feudalism, King Arthur
6. Romantic architecture- exotic, dark stairs
7. Castle of Otranto- the first Gothic novel
8. Leads to Frankenstein of Mary Shelley, Dracula of Bram Stoker
9. Remember: Gothic Revival Art of the 18th century is NOT the same thing as Gothic Art, which dates to the 13th century/Middle Ages.

Question 9

What did some of the early Gothic novels have in common?

Answer 9

B. Gothic Revival- Horace Walpole (1717- 1797) and Strawberry Hill, England [view an image of Horace Walpole]

1. Stained glass, ribbed vaults, mullions, clustered chimney
2. Flemish stepped gable
3. Deliberate asymmetry, secret passages
4. Gothic seen as the age of mystery
5. Confusion with Romanesque, feudalism, King Arthur
6. Romantic architecture- exotic, dark stairs
7. Castle of Otranto- the first Gothic novel
8. Leads to Frankenstein of Mary Shelley, Dracula of Bram Stoker
9. Remember: Gothic Revival Art of the 18th century is NOT the same thing as Gothic Art, which dates to the 13th century/Middle Ages.

Question 10

What were some of the vogues in art and architecture that were popular in the Romantic Period in Europe and America.

Answer 10

. Romanticism- The Reaction to Rococo- Jean-Jacques Rousseau, French Revolution 1789–
1. 1750-1900 reaction to the artifice of Rococo – Search for natural expression of emotion- Jean-Jacques Rousseau [view an image of Rousseau]
2. The Natural Man, Simple Peasant
3. Nostalgia for the glorious past as it never was
B. Gothic Revival- Horace Walpole (1717- 1797) and Strawberry Hill, England [view an image of Horace Walpole]
1.Stained glass, ribbed vaults, mullions, clustered chimney
2. Flemish stepped gable
3. Deliberate asymmetry, secret passages
4. Gothic seen as the age of mystery
5. Confusion with Romanesque, feudalism, King Arthur
6. Romantic architecture- exotic, dark stairs
7. Castle of Otranto- the first Gothic novel
8. Leads to Frankenstein of Mary Shelley, Dracula of Bram Stoker
9. Remember: Gothic Revival Art of the 18th century is NOT the same thing as Gothic Art, which dates to the 13th century/Middle Ages.

Question 11

Discuss some of the major authors of Gothic novels and their works.

Answer 11

Leads to Frankenstein of Mary Shelley, Dracula of Bram Stoker

7. Castle of Otranto- the first Gothic novel
8. Deliberate asymmetry, secret passages
   
   4. Gothic seen as the age of mystery
   5. Confusion with Romanesque, feudalism, King Arthur

Question 12

What was the significance of Pompeii for the Neo-Classical movement during the Romantic Period?

Answer 12

C. The Classical Revival–Neo-Classical Art
1. Robert Adam, Osterley House 1767 [view an image of a room in Osterly Park]
2. Rediscovery of ancient Roman Pompeii 1750s- destroyed in A.D. 79 by eruption of volcano Mount Vesuvius, near Naples [view an artist’s image of Death at Pompeii]
3. Emma Hamilton- (1761-1815) Grecian attitudes gauze dance, wife of William Hamilton, mistress of Lord Nelson
D. The Royal Pavilion in Brighton

Question 13

How did Robert Adam and his family influence the Romantic movement?

Answer 13

Robert Adam, Osterley House 1767
In Rome spend nearly five years on the continent studying architecture under
The Classical Revival–Neo-Classical Art

Question 14

Johann Winckelmann was a transformative figure in the Neo-Classical movement. Discuss some of his contributions.

Answer 14

Was a German art historian and archaeologist. He was a pioneering Hellenist who first articulated the difference between Greek, Greco-Roman and Roman art.
9 December 1717 – 8 June 1768

Question 15

Among the early archaeologists working at Pompeii, Giuseppe Fiorelli stands out for his ground-breaking discovery. What was it?

Answer 15

Giuseppe Fiorelli (8 June 1823 – 28 January 1896) was an Italian archaeologist. His excavations at Pompeii helped preserve the city.
Instead of uncovering the streets first, in order to excavate the houses from the ground floor up, he imposed a system of uncovering the houses from the top down — a better way of preserving everything that was discovered.

Question 16

Give an example of Romantic eclecticism that did not entirely involve the Neo-Classical or the Gothic styles and explain what it did combine.

Answer 16

New Perspective combined light, religious concept with dark tones.

For example:

The Mummer’s Dance-

    a. Fusion with nature and spinning Sufi dervish dance
    b. Newfoundland traditional customs of harvest time
    c. Go house to house to honor god and the renewal of the seasons
    d. Bear the image of Jesus, wear muted earth colors
    e. One man traditionally dresses as a jester or fool
6. Loreena the Person
    a. Expect her to be a mystic wandering towering cliffs and peering out to sea
    b. Perfectionist artist and high powered business woman with clear vision
    c. Controls every aspect of her art- writes, produces, arranges music, selects musicians, oversees contract arrangements, produces own videos, stages her own concerts

Question 17

How did France participate in the Romantic age?

Answer 17

E. French Romanticism-

1. Eclecticism and nostalgia for the exotic
2. Napoleon III and Eugenie- the omphalos of civilization
3. Haussmann and the new boulevards
4. The Industrial Revolution and the Nouveau Riche
5. The Second Empire 1852-1870

Question 18

How did the Paris Opera serve as a symbol of its age?

Answer 18

Charles Garnier and the Paris Opera 1861-1874 [view an image of the Paris Opera]
1. Showplace of the Nouveau Riche- estates in Asia and Africa, railroads, banks, trade
2. The Grand Staircase– Neo-Baroque
G. Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (1781- 1867)
1. Neo-Classicism and the Classical Quarry
2. Academy des Beaux-Arts/Academy of Fine Arts
3. The Grand Odalisque 1814

Question 19

What was Napoleon III’s vision for a new Paris? Did it work out?

Answer 19

French Romanticism-
1. Eclecticism and nostalgia for the exotic
2. Napoleon III and Eugenie- the omphalos of civilization
3. Haussmann and the new boulevards
4. The Industrial Revolution and the Nouveau Riche
5. The Second Empire 1852-1870
HE OVERSAW THE RISE OF PARIS AS THE FASHION CAPITAL OF THE WORLD. HE AND HIS MUCH YOUNGER WIFE EUGENIE SET A STANDARD OF ELEGANCE AND REFINEMENT. DURING THE LONG REIGN OF NAPOLEON III, A COMPETITION WAS HELD TO CREATE A NEW OPERA BUILDING WHICH WAS INTENDED TO SYMBOLIZE THE GLORIOUS PARIS THAT HAD BEEN CREATED DURING THIS REGIME.

Question 20

What is meant by Academic painting and give an example of an artist known for his work in this style.

Answer 20

H. Guillaume-Adolphe (William) Bouguereau (1825-1905)

1. The Birth of Venus 1879 [view an image of Bougereau's Birth of Venus]
2. Religious maudlin art and Neo-Classical Romanticism- Mother and Child1887
3. Peepshow sexy  Academic Art- sugary sweet, titillating, photographic realism
4. Art for the nouveau riche

Question 21

Was there really a King Arthur and when did he become celebrated as a major figure in British “history”?

Answer 21

THERE WAS A FASCINATION FOR MEDIEVAL RITUALS, STORIES, AND MAGIC, WHICH LED TO THE ELEVATION OF KING ARTHUR (ARTURIUS), ABOUT WHOM VERY LITTLE WAS KNOWN, TO A MYTHICAL STATUS. ARTHUR WAS SURROUNDED BY MERLIN THE MAGICIAN, QUEEN GUINEVERE, SIR LANCELOT AND THE KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE. THE LEGEND HAD BEEN DEVELOPED IN THE TWELFTH CENTURY BY GEOFFREY OF MONMOUTH WITH MOST OF THE CAST OF CHARACTERS ALREADY PRESENT INCLUDING THE MAGICAL SWORD EXCALIBUR.

Question 22

If you had to create a fictional Pre-Raphaelite work what sorts of concepts would you include in it?

Answer 22

THE PRE-RAPHAELITES LOVED NATURE, FOLLOWING THE ROMANTIC SPIRIT OF THE AGE THAT ROUSSEAU HAD SET IN MOTION, AND FREQUENTLY PAINTED OUTDOORS, FOCUSING ON SCENES WITH WATER AND VEGETATION WHICH THEY DEPICTED WITH A HORROR VACUI EFFECT. WOMEN BECAME THE OBJECTS OF VENERATION AND FEAR AND THE CONCEPT OF THE FEMME FATALE OR FATAL WOMAN WERE DEPICTED AS MYSTICAL AND STRANGE, ELEGANTLY DRESSED IN CRUSHED VELVET AND WEARING SPECTACULAR JEWELRY. WOMEN DEPICTED WITH RED HAIR MIGHT BE PARTICULARLY FRIGHTENING AND DANGEROUS.

MANY OF THE PRE-RAPHAELITES WERE HYPERSENSITIVE TO DISTURBANCES FROM THE WORLD AROUND THEM AND MANY OF THEM DEPICTED FIGURES WHO HAD A FASCINATION FOR OR MARKED INDIFFERENCE TO DEATH AND DYING

Question 23

How did the Pre-Raphaelites view women and depict them?

Answer 23

WOMEN BECAME THE OBJECTS OF VENERATION AND FEAR AND THE CONCEPT OF THE FEMME FATALE OR FATAL WOMAN WERE DEPICTED AS MYSTICAL AND STRANGE, ELEGANTLY DRESSED IN CRUSHED VELVET AND WEARING SPECTACULAR JEWELRY. WOMEN DEPICTED WITH RED HAIR MIGHT BE PARTICULARLY FRIGHTENING AND DANGEROUS.

Question 24

Alfred Lord Tennyson was the poet laureate of England. How would you describe the poetry that he wrote?

Answer 24

HE FIT THE PRE-RAPHAELITE BILL WELL. A HYPERSENSITIVE DANDY AND HYPOCHONDRIAC, HE WAS OBSESSED WITH DEATH AND DYING AND DISTURBED BY THE EFFECT OF MODERN SCIENCE ON PEOPLE’S LIVES, PREFERRING TO ESCAPE INTO MYTH AND LEGEND.

Question 25

Name a Pre-Raphaelite painter and describe his style in detail.

Answer 25

JOHN WILLIAM WATERHOUSE (1849 - 1917) WAS A PRE-RAPHAELITE ARTIST WHO WAS FASCINATED WITH THE EVOCATIVE IMAGES IN TENNYSON’S BALLAD AND DEPICTED SCENES FROM THE WORK THREE TIMES. IN THE MOST FAMOUS OF HIS WORKS ON THE SUBJECT, DONE IN 1888, THE LADY WITH HER BEAUTIFUL FLOWING RED HAIR HAS FOUND A BOAT AND GOTEN INTO IT WHILE IN A TRANCE -LIKE STATE AND IS HEADING OUT TO SEA, THE VICTIM OF THE MYSTERIOUS CURSE.

THE PRE-RAPHAELITES IN PARTICULAR HAD A FASCINATION FOR THE MYSTICAL, ENTRANCING POWER OF WATER AND FLOATING FEMALE FIGURES IN THE WATER, SUCH AS ONE CAN SEE IN JOHN EVERETT MILLAIS’ OPHELIA, THE YOUNG LADY WHO WAS DRIVEN MADE IN SHAKESPEARE’S HAMLET, AND WHO PLACED HERSELF APPARENTLY IN A TRANCE BELOW THE WATER WITH ARMS OUTSTRETCHED.

Question 26

Discuss the music of Loreena McKennitt and her connection with the Pre-Raphaelite movement.

Answer 26

POSSESSED OF A REMARKABLE POWERFUL VOICE AND CAPABLE OF PLAYING THE HARP, ACCORDION, AND PIANO AND COMPOSING IN THE IRISH FOLK MUSIC TRADITION. LOREENA OFFERED A MIX OF WHAT SHE TERMED WORLD MUSIC, WHICH BEGAN TO BECOME ENORMOUSLY POPULAR INTERNATIONALLY IN 1980S.

WITH THE PRE-RAPHAELITES SHE SHARES THE FASCINATION FOR THE WONDER AND MYSTERY OF NATURE EXPRESSED BY WRITERS SUCH AS JOHN RUSKIN. SHE ALSO EMBRACES THE ESCAPE INTO THE EXOTIC, THE FAR-AWAY, AND THE MYSTICAL, AND SHE HAS MOST PARTICULARLY AND ANIMISTIC RELIGIOUS BENT WHICH IS INTENDED TO LEAD THE LISTENER THROUGH MUSIC AND REFLECTION TO A HIGHER REALITY AND TO CONCERN FOR OTHERS AND THE WORLD AROUND.
HER INTEREST IN ESCAPE FROM THE MODERN WORLD AND ITS VULGARITY IS REFLECTED IN HER BELIEF THAT HER WORK SHOULD BE NOBLE AND SERIOUS AND ELEGANT, HER VIDEOS FILLED WITH COLOR AND METICULOUS DETAIL LIKE THE HORROR VACUI OF A PRE-RAPHAELITE PAINTING AND SET LARGELY IN THE OUTDOORS.

Question 27

The hit song The Mummer’s Dance was an unlikely candidate to be a top ten rock hit. Most people didn’t know what it was really about. Do you?

Why does a Whirling Dervish whirl? What are some of the ideas behing their “dance”?

Answer 27

. The Mummer’s Dance-
a. Fusion with nature and spinning Sufi dervish dance
b. Newfoundland traditional customs of harvest time
c. Go house to house to honor god and the renewal of the seasons
d. Bear the image of Jesus, wear muted earth colors
e. One man traditionally dresses as a jester or fool
6. Loreena the Person
a. Expect her to be a mystic wandering towering cliffs and peering out to sea
b. Perfectionist artist and high powered business woman with clear vision
c. Controls every aspect of her art- writes, produces, arranges music, selects musicians, oversees contract arrangements, produces own videos, stages her own concerts
d. Unique recording contract with Warner Brothers
The word “dervish” comes from the Persian “darvish”, meaning a poor man
The whirling dervishes are one of various brotherhoods of Sufis.
It is a religious dance performed to express emotion and achieve the wisdom and love of God.