Quiz 2

Question 1

Alkanes

Answer 1

• Flammable! Undergoes combustion reactions
• Nonpolar
• Melting and boiling points are directly proportional to the strength of intermolecular forces
• Strength of London dispersion forces between molecules are directly proportional to the surface area of the molecules

Question 2

Flammable! Undergoes combustion reactions

Answer 2

alkane + O2 (excess) = CO2 (g) + H2O (g) + energy

alkane + O2 (difficient) = C (s) + 2 H2O (g)
 CO (g) + 2 H2O (g)

Question 3

Nonpolar

Answer 3

• Immiscible (i.e. do mix) with water or other polar molecules
• Very weak London dispersioin forces keep molecules attracted to one another

Question 4

Strength of London dispersion forces between molecules are directly proportional to the surface area of the molecules

Answer 4

• Boiling points increase substantially with molecular weight
• Boiling points decrease somewhat with braching; i

Question 5

propane

Answer 5

C3H8, -42 C

Question 6

butane

Answer 6

C4H10, 0 C

Question 7

2,2-dimethylpropane

Answer 7

C5H12, 10 C

Question 8

2-methylbutane

Answer 8

C5H12, 28 C

Question 9

pentane

Answer 9

C5H12, 36 C

Question 10

hexane

Answer 10

C6H14, 68 C

Question 11

1 – 4

Answer 11

gas, heating fuels (natural gas)

Question 12

5 – 8

Answer 12

volatile, gasoline, non-polar solvents

-liquid evaporates quickly at high vapor pressure

Question 13

9 – 17

Answer 13

“stable”, kerosene, diesel, jet fuel

Question 14

18+

Answer 14

“stable”, lubricating oil, asphalt

Question 15

ALKENES

Answer 15

contains a C = C (unsaturated)

vs. alkanes: more reactive, slightly lower BP/MP

Question 16

ethane

Answer 16

30 g/mol

BP = 185 K (-89˚C)

Question 17

ethene (ethylene),

Answer 17

28 g/mol

BP = 170 K

Question 18

propane

Answer 18

44 g/mol

BP = 231 K

Question 19

propene (propylene),

Answer 19

42 g/mol

BP = 226 K

Question 20

butane

Answer 20

58 g/mol

BP = 274 K

Question 21

1-butene

Answer 21

56 g/mol

BP = 267 K

Question 22

trans-2-butene

Answer 22

BP = 274 K

Question 23

cis-2-butene

Answer 23

BP = 277 K

Question 24

CIS-TRANS ISOMERS

Answer 24

C – C bonds rotate freely

C = C bonds locked into place

Question 25

Cis

Answer 25

non-H substituents on the same side

Question 26

trans

Answer 26

non-H substituents non-H substituents

Question 27

HYDROGENATION

Answer 27

H2 w/ Pt/Pd/Ni catalyst

Question 28

BROMINATION

Answer 28

Br2 w/ light catalyst

Question 29

HYDRATION

Answer 29

H2O w/ H2SO4 catalyst

Question 30

ADDITION REACTIONS

Answer 30

OH attaches to C with most number of substituents | If same on both ends of C = C: two products are formed

Question 31

Aromatic ring

Answer 31

: 6-membered ring with alternating C=C & C – C bonds 3 double bonds: actually spread out delocalized electrons mostly unreactive C = C

Question 32

Aromatic ring ex

Answer 32

benzene | C6H6 (major carcinogen!)

Question 33

ALTERNATIVE SUBSTITUENT LOCATION NOMENCLATURE: for two substituents

Answer 33

``` 1,2 = “ortho” (adjacent) 1,3 = “meta” 1,4 = “para” (opposite ```

Question 34

benzoic acid

Answer 34

food preservative

Question 35

benzaldehyde

Answer 35

almond smell

Question 36

phenol

Answer 36

old disinfectant (Joe Lister)

Question 37

aniline

Answer 37

precursor to polyurethane | rotten fish smell

Question 38

toluene

Answer 38

indust. Solv. | rec. inhalant

Question 39

substituents:

Answer 39

Different functional groups attached to benzene