Quiz #2

Question 1

Counter-Intuitive Verdict Challenge- Kantism

Answer 1

happens if Kant’s moral verdict disagrees with own moral opinion
will either change own views OR challenge Kant’s view

Question 2

Kantism- Ex. Defecting

Answer 2

morally wrong
cannot will everyone to defect and still get what you want
the commons will decrease + cause universal suffering
cannot will maxim consistency

Question 3

Irrationality w/self-interest in 4-step evaluation

Answer 3

ppl try to make an exception for themselves
Ex. free riding
morally wrong

Question 4

Weaknesses of 4-step- “Specificity Objection”

Answer 4

same action can be morally right or wrong
depends on how general maxim is
“Specificity Objection”
Ex. killing everyone= wrong
you, yourself can be harmed
killing a specific grp= right
you benefit
both same (killing) just different descriptions

Question 5

Response to “Specificity Objection”

Answer 5

don’t care about details but act itself
maxim needs to be as general as possible
if includes details, ignore context

Question 6

Weaknesses of 4-step- Fantasy Objection

Answer 6

when imagine wrld w/ maxim- it NEVER happens

why care about imagin. v relality

Question 7

Response to “Fantasy Objection”

Answer 7

universalization (step 2) NOT a prediciton
it’s a statement of fact
*(whole argument not very strong)

Question 8

Pros of 4- step- Determines Intrinsic Moral Status

Answer 8

disregards external influences of an action

Question 9

Pros of 4- step- Exposes Selfishness

Answer 9

shows how personal exception- morally wrong and irrational

Question 10

Deontological Approach- Divine Command Theory (DCT)

Answer 10

not human controlled

focused around supernat. pwr (GOD)

Question 11

Flaws w/ Kantism + Contradictianism

Answer 11

Kant- relies on human rationality
which can be flawed
rooted in human activity
prone to mistakes
considered “human legislation
need to look at source that doesn’t fall subject to human error

Question 12

DCT- God

Answer 12

monotheism

“perfect moral legislator”

Question 13

DCT- Morality

Answer 13

follows what God deems right and wrong
god approves= right
god disapproves= wrong

Question 14

DCT- Requirem. to be moral leg.

Answer 14

3-O God or “all perfect”

Question 15

DCT- 3-O god- omnipotence

Answer 15

perfectly powerful

can control all things

Question 16

DCT- 3-O god- omnibenevolence

Answer 16

can only desire good

wants mercy + love for all

Question 17

DCT- 3-O god-

Answer 17

all- knowing

Question 18

DCT- 3-O god- Strengths- Supernat.

Answer 18

only theory that occurs outside of nat. wrld
relies on supernat. pwr
(secular theories are wrong bc they mistake morality as a natural phenomena)

Question 19

DCT- 3-O god- Strengths- A priori

Answer 19

can know moral staus before action takes place

Question 20

DCT- 3-O god- Strengths- Altruism

Answer 20

has a self-less aspect

helps ppl and wishes the best for others

Question 21

DCT- 3-O god- Weaknesses- Euthyphro Dilemma

Answer 21

1) God command bc morally right

2) actions morally right bc God commands them (DCT)

Question 22

DCT- 3-O god- Weaknesses- Euthyphro Dilemma- 1

Answer 22

God commands bc morally right
then rightness of action is arbitrary
only do it bc it’s commanded

Question 23

DCT- 3-O god- Weaknesses- Euthyphro Dilemma- 2

Answer 23

action morally right bc God commands
must have reasons for commanding it
but reasons bring up o/ theories

Question 24

DCT- 3-O god- Weaknesses- Euthyphro Dilemma- Ominipotence Reply

Answer 24

if god 3-O he could create laws + commands

that would need No reason

Question 25

DCT- 3-O god- Weaknesses- Euthyphro Dilemma- Did God create values and their meaning?

Answer 25

``` goodness= happiness badness= suffering ```

Question 26

Could a 3-O God be a perfect Utilitarianism?

Answer 26

not barred by prediction problem but if question is true follows Utilitarianism, not DCT

Question 27

DCT- 3-O god- Weaknesses- Access Challenge

Answer 27

humans have unequal access to God's command how determine who has the best access? God isn't one of us, therefore can't ask

Question 28

DCT- 3-O god- Weaknesses- Access-Challenge- Ex. Abortion Doctor

Answer 28

man kills doctor performing abortions arrested and asked why "God commanded me to do it" therefore morally right + legally wrong how do prove that God did command? can't bc God is supernat.

Question 29

DCT- 3-O god- Weaknesses- Access-Challenge- Challenges

Answer 29

selecting 1 source to reveal God's word | interpreting that txt or source

Question 30

DCT- 3-O god- Weaknesses- Access-Challenge- Intra. rel.

Answer 30

w/ in a certain rel. debate btw diff. interpretations on what God commands Ex. whether God commands polygamy or not Ex. meaning of different words

Question 31

DCT- 3-O god- Weaknesses- Access-Challenge- Inter. rel.

Answer 31

debate btw diff. faiths | who is closest to God's access

Question 32

DCT- 3-O god- Weaknesses- Existence Problem

Answer 32

if God doesn't exist | No DCT Theory

Question 33

DCT- 3-O god- Weaknesses- Existence Problem- Problem of evil/ suffering

Answer 33

no God could possibly be a 3-O and still allow suffering to occur if he is all-knowing, powerful and loving why would he allow diseases + tornados to kill ppl

Question 34

DCT- 3-O god- Weaknesses- Existence Problem- Problem of evil/ suffering- REPLY

Answer 34

remove one O | not tension bc God can not be all at once

Question 35

DCT- 3-O god- Weaknesses- Existence Problem- Problem of evil/ suffering- Ex. Parental Neglect

Answer 35

child dies of disease bc parents didn't vaccinate (rel. reasons) questions negative respon. parents + God knew consequences but refused to step in

Question 36

Is human error included in the Problem of Evil?

Answer 36

YES Ex. rocket exploding bc of engineering fault God could have stoped the deaths but didn't

Question 37

Problem of Evil rephrased

Answer 37

3-O God would have made the best possible wrld but best wrld not realistic things can always be better therefore God is less than 3-O

Question 38

Theodicy

Answer 38

resolves the problem of evil | success is necessary + not gratuitous