quiz 2 cards

Question 1

major constituent of CT

Answer 1

ECM

Question 2

ECM

Answer 2

protein fibers (collagen or elastic) and ground substance (glycans)

Question 3

in ALL connective tissue, ECM _

Answer 3

is more abundant than cells

Question 4

macrophages

Answer 4

breakdown of ECM

Question 5

mast cells in loose CT

Answer 5

often near small blood vessels

Question 6

fibrillar collagens

Answer 6

type I, II, and III

Question 7

type I collagen fibers

Answer 7

synthesized by fibroblasts and osteoblasts; in tendons, organ capsules, dermis, bone

Question 8

type IV collagen

Answer 8

synthesized by epithelial cells; used for filtration, found in basal laminae

Question 9

type II collagen

Answer 9

synthesized by chondroblasts; found in cartilage

Question 10

type III collagen

Answer 10

reticular collagen synthesized by fibroblasts; used in liver, bone marrow, lymphoid organs

Question 11

collagen formation

Answer 11

RER makes procollagen-alpha chains –> form triple helix –> cleaved to procollagen –> cleaved to tropocollagen –> formation into fibrils –> fibers

Question 12

elastic fibers

Answer 12

in arteries and stroma of lungs

Question 13

reticular fibers

Answer 13

type III collagen

Question 14

where does exchange in CT take place?

Answer 14

ground substance

Question 15

loose CT

Answer 15

little collagen (type III), many cells & GS; supports microvasculature, nerves, and immune cells

Question 16

dense irregular CT

Answer 16

lots of collagen (type I), few cells & GS; protects and supports organs

Question 17

dense regular CT

Answer 17

mostly collagen (type I); provides connection with musculoskeletal system (tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses)

Question 18

carcinomas

Answer 18

epithelial origin

Question 19

sarcomas

Answer 19

mesenchymal origin

Question 20

scurvy

Answer 20

lack of vitamin C prevents hydroxylation of proline or lysine, preventing collagen formation

Question 21

scurvy symptoms

Answer 21

mouth sores, bruising, rashes, fatigue

Question 22

Marfan syndrome

Answer 22

defective fibrillin synthesis, causing proteoglycans to replace elastic lamellae

Question 23

Marfan syndrome symptoms

Answer 23

long body and limbs, aortic dissection is common

Question 24

nonpolar amino acids

Answer 24

methionine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline

Question 25

acidic amino acids

Answer 25

aspartate and glutamate

Question 26

aspartate

Answer 26

Asp, D

Question 27

glutamate

Answer 27

Glu, E

Question 28

basic amino acids

Answer 28

lysine and arginine

Question 29

polar amino acids

Answer 29

serine, threonine, cysteine, asparagine, glutamine, histidine

Question 30

asparagine

Answer 30

Asn, N

Question 31

glutamine

Answer 31

Gln, Q

Question 32

aromatic amino acids

Answer 32

phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine

Question 33

pH > pKa

Answer 33

deprotonated

Question 34

pH < pKa

Answer 34

protonated

Question 35

basic amino acid in hydrophobic region

Answer 35

will disrupt nonpolar environment --> will lose a proton to be neutral --> harder to add back proton --> pKa decreases

Question 36

acidic amino acid in hydrophobic

Answer 36

will disrupt nonpolar environment --> gain proton to be neutral --> will be harder to remove that proton --> pKa increases

Question 37

essential amino acids

Answer 37

threonine, phenylalanine, lysine, valine, arginine (infants), tryptophan, isoleucine, histidine, leucine

Question 38

essential AA mnemonic

Answer 38

The French Man Keeps Very (Red) Wine In His Library

Question 39

Kwashiorkor

Answer 39

protein deficiency

Question 40

Kwashiorkor symptoms

Answer 40

malnutrition, edema, anemia, skin lesions, liver problems

Question 41

Kwashiorkor vs. Marasmus

Answer 41

Marasmus is just calorie deficiency; you can be protein deficient without being calorie deficient and get Kwashiorkor; also, Marasmus has no edema just muscle wasting

Question 42

carboxyl group pKa

Answer 42

around 2

Question 43

amino group pKa

Answer 43

around 9

Question 44

severe protein malnutrition

Answer 44

leads to hypoalbuminemia -->low serum albumin reduces capillary oncotic pressure, allowing fluid to leak into tissues --> edema

Question 45

adjacent beta-sheets interact through

Answer 45

hydrogen bonds between the backbone amine and carbonyl groups

Question 46

when two alpha helices stack together, interactions are stabilized by _

Answer 46

side chains of amino acids

Question 47

why does proline break alpha helices?

Answer 47

doesn't have a backbone NH --> proline can not form a hydrogen bond with the n-4 residue in the alpha helix

Question 48

two classes of tertiary structure

Answer 48

fibrous or globular

Question 49

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Answer 49

collagen defects

Question 50

Ehlers-Danlos symtpoms

Answer 50

stretchy skin, loose joints, joint pain, weird scar formation

Question 51

pH < pI

Answer 51

net positive

Question 52

pH > pI

Answer 52

negative charge