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MIS 320 - Networks and Security > Quiz 2 - Ethernet (Ch. 4-5) > Flashcards

Quiz 2 - Ethernet (Ch. 4-5) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a LAN?

A
  • the most relevant definition of a LAN is by link ownership
  • LANs are owned by businesses
  • WAN links are owned by public carriers
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2
Q

Where are LANs in the OSI Model?

A
  • LAN hardware and software are the concern of the bottom two layers
    • Data link
    • Physical
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3
Q

What is the most widely-installed LAN technology?

A
  • Ethernet
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4
Q

What are the Ethernet physical layer standards?

A
  • UTP
  • Fiber Media Standards
  • Ethernet-Specific Signaling Standards
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5
Q

Who is in charge of creating Ethernet signaling standards?

A
  • IEEE 802.3 Working Group
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6
Q

802.3 is synonymous with _____________ ?

A
  • Ethernet
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7
Q

In what year was Ethernet invented?

A
  • 1973
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8
Q

Who designed Ethernet?

A
  • Bob Metcalfe
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9
Q

The Ethernet Frame is made of how many parts?

A
  • 11
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10
Q

The parts of the Ethernet Frame are grouped into what sections?

A
  1. Header
  2. Data Field
  3. Trailer
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11
Q

What parts compose the Header section of the Ethernet Frame?

A
  1. Preamble
  2. Start of Frame Delimiter
  3. Destination MAC Address
  4. Source MAC Address
  5. Tag Protocol ID
  6. Tag Control Information
  7. Length
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12
Q

The Data Field section of the Ethernet Frame is composed of what parts?

A
  1. Logical Control Link (LLC) Subheader
  2. Packet
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13
Q

What parts compose the Trailer section of an Ethernet Frame?

A
  1. PAD
  2. Frame Check Sequence
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14
Q

What parts of the Ethernet Frame make up the Address Fields and what section of the frame are they in?

A
  1. Destination MAC Address
  2. Source MAC Address
  • They are located in the Header
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15
Q

What is the error check field of the Ethernet Frame called?

A
  • Frame Check Sequence
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16
Q

How long is each part of an Ethernet Frame?

A
  1. Preamble = 7 octets
  2. Start of Frame Delimiter = 1 octet
  3. Destination MAC Address = 48 bits
  4. Source MAC Address = 48 bits
  5. Tag Protocol ID = 2 octets
  6. Tag Control Information = 2 octets
  7. Length = 2 octets
  8. LLC Subheader = 7 octets
  9. Packet = variable
  10. PAD = situation-specific
  11. Frame Check Sequence = 4 octets
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17
Q

What topology is traditional Ethernet?

A
  • logical bus
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18
Q

What physical cabling does traditional Ethernet use?

A
  • thick coaxial
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19
Q

How is traditional Ethernet denoted?

A
  • 10Base5
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20
Q

What doe 10Base5 indicate?

A
  1. 10 Mbps
  2. Baseband signaling
  3. 500 meter maximum segment span
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21
Q

What is the maximum number of nodes that traditional Ethernet supports?

A
  • 100
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22
Q

How does traditional Ethernet operate?

A
  • A station transmits a frame with the MAC address of the destination station
  • The frame travels along the bus in both directions
  • Each station reads the frame’s destination address and discards any frame not addressed to it
  • Stations operate independently of each other– with no central controller
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23
Q

Does traditional Ethernet have a central controller?

A
  • No
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24
Q

Does traditional Ethernet avoid collisions?

A
  • No, it detects collisions
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25
What protocol does traditional Ethernet use to handle communication on the bus?
* CSMA/CD
26
What does CSMA/CD stand for?
* Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection
27
What is Carrier Sense?
* Each NIC on the network examines the wire before sending a frame * If the node detects traffic, it will back off a random amount of time and try again
28
What is Multiple Access?
* All machines have equal access to the wire * Access to the wire is on a first-come, first-served basis
29
What is Collision Detection?
* If two NICs transmit at the same time, a collision results * NICs may listen to detect a collision
30
What are the two major ways that traditional Ethernet can be improved?
1. Using a hub 2. Using UTP cabling
31
How does using a hub with traditional Ethernet affect the network's topology and operation?
* A hub allows: * physical star topology * logical bus operation
32
What are the advantages of UTP versus Coax in traditional Ethernet?
* UTP is * ***thinner***, * ***lighter***, and * ***more flexible*** than coax
33
What are the advantage of using a hub to improve traditional Ethernet?
* **Improved reliability**—bus disruptions don’t take down LAN * **Improved management**—simple network management protocol (SNMP) installed on hub * **Improved maintenance**—easier to add workstations
34
What are the main disadvantages of using a hub to improve traditional Ethernet?
* Requires much ***more cabling*** * Hub becomes ***single point of failure***
35
What is the maximum number of nodes when using 10BaseT?
* 1024
36
What is the most popular topology in use today?
* star
37
How can a hub-based Ethernet network be converted to a switch-based network?
* simply replace the hub with a switch
38
How does using a switch instead of a hub affect network topology and operation?
* A switch uses a * ***physical star topology***, but operates as a * ***logical mesh***
39
How does a switch transfer traffic to stations on the network?
* a switch connects stations in pairs
40
How are collisions handled with a switch?
* there are ***no collisions*** when using a switch
41
What are the advantages of using a switch over a hub?
* ***Collisions are eliminated*** * ***Multiple stations can transmit simultaneously***—increases throughput * ***Upgrading from a hub-based LAN is simple***—simply replace hub with switch
42
How does a switch know how to route network traffic?
* by using a ***switching table*** that lists the physical * ***port number*** (on the switch) and corresponding * ***MAC Address*** of each station on the network
43
What are the speeds possible with modern Ethernet
* 10 Mbps * 100 Mbps * 1 Gbps * 10 Gbps
44
What speeds of Ethernet may use a hub?
* 10 Mbps * 100 Mbps
45
What speeds of Ethernet must use a switch?
* 1 Gbps * 10 Gbps
46
What physical cabling does modern Ethernet use?
* UTP * fiber-optic
47
What is the maximum number of nodes for modern Ethernet?
* 1024
48
What is the maximum distance for cabling from switch/hub to node for modern Ethernet?
* 100 meters
49
What is the most common speed of Ethernet in use today?
* Gigabit
50
What is the dominant Gigabit standard today?
* 1000BaseT
51
What are the subtypes of 1000BaseX
* ***1000BaseCX***—twinaxial cable * ***1000BaseSX***—multimode fiber * ***1000BaseLX***—singlemode fiber (laser) * Used for long distance transmissions
52
How is 10-Gigabit Ethernet designated?
* 10GBaseX
53
What is LAN segmentation?
* ***Grouping network stations according to traffic*** to reduce congestion * Each segment becomes a LAN in itself
54
What are the primary criteria for LAN segmentation?
* Segments include workstations that often communicate with... * one another * a common data source * a common resource
55
What is LAN interconnection?
* connecting two LANs in order to share information or resources
56
What hardware device is used to segment or interconnect LANs?
* bridge
57
What is a network bridge used for and at what layer does it operate?
* Used to segment or interconnect LANs * Acts as a traffic monitor between two LANs * A filter to keep local traffic from crossing between LANs * Forwards traffic between segments * Operates at Data Link layer of OSI model
58
What is a VLAN?
* Virtual LANs (VLAN) are ***groups of clients and servers*** that are * allowed to communicate with each other but * not with clients or servers on other VLANs
59
What are the main reasons that VLANs are used?
* congestion reduction * security
60
How does a VLAN reduce network congestion?
* VLANs reduce traffic when hosts broadcast * Broadcasts only go to hosts on the same VLAN
61
How can a VLAN improve network security?
* Clients on one VLAN cannot attack servers on another VLAN * An infected host on one VLAN cannot pass virus to a host on another VLAN
62
Can a network client communicate with a server on a different VLAN?
* No, they can only communicate with servers on the same VLAN
63
What hardware is used to divide a LAN into multiple VLANs?
* switch

MIS 320 - Networks and Security (4 decks)

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