Quiz 2 (Glossary 1)

Question 1

Hyphae that grows above or outward from the surface of an agar medium or substrate; the visible colony

Answer 1

Aerial Hyphae

Question 2

A gelatinous subtace that is used as a culture medium to grow microorganisms

Answer 2

Agar

Question 3

A polysaccharide form seaweed extract (genera gelidium and gracilaria) that consist of alternating B-D-Galactose and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose units of agarobiose. It is used popularly as a medium for electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments. In general, the higher it’s concentration the smaller the pore size. Concentration ranges from 0.5%-2%

Answer 3

Agarose

Question 4

Asexual (Imperfect) state or form of a fungus

Answer 4

Anamorph

Question 5

This step in PCR when the temperature is lowered to allow DNA primers to attach to a given DNA template. The temperature ranges from 50-56 Celsius.

Answer 5

Annealing

Question 6

a fungus that preferentially grows on human rather than animals or the soil.
A dermatophyte where human/people is the primary reservoir

Answer 6

Anthropophilic

Question 7

(pl. arthroconidia) a conidium released by fragmentation or by separation that occurs at the septum of cells of hypha.

Answer 7

Arthroconidium

Question 8

fruiting body within which asci form

Answer 8

ascocarp

Question 9

(pl. asci) saclike cells where ascospores develop

Answer 9

ascus

Question 10

antimicrobial that can kill a microorganism

Answer 10

bactericidal

Question 11

a virus that infects bacterial cells

Answer 11

bacteriophage

Question 12

an arrangement observed in Aspergillus spp. where a secondary phialide develops from a primary phialide, forming two series of phialides.

Answer 12

biseriate

Question 13

conidia formed by budding process along a hypha, pseudhypha, or in a single cell, as seen in yeasts.

Answer 13

blastoconidia

Question 14

a nutrient-rich medium used to isolate fastidious fungi

Answer 14

brain heart infusion

Question 15

is a concentration of an antimicrobial that defines if the particular microbial species is susceptible or resistant to the antimicrobial. It is commonly expressed in rg/m

Answer 15

breakpoint

Question 16

a liquid medium containing nutrients used to grow microorganisms

Answer 16

broth

Question 17

a type of asexual reproduction commonly found in yeasts. An oval shaped “push out” or outgrowth from a parent cell.

Answer 17

bud

Question 18

colorless dye that binds to chitin and cellulose of fungi that fluoresce when exposed to ultraviolet light.

Answer 18

calcofluor white

Question 19

proteinaceous coat that protects the viral genome

Answer 19

capsid

Question 20

a hyaline mucopolysaccharide covering the cell body of certain yeasts (e.g.Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula) and some spores and conidia.

Answer 20

capsule

Question 21

also known as chlamydospores, these are enlarged, thick-walled round conidia.
These conidia can be present at the end of the hypha (terminal), on the sides (sessile) or in between the hypha (intercalary)

Answer 21

chlamydoconidia

Question 22

swollen, thick-walled resistant spore that do not reproduce

Answer 22

chlamydospore

Question 23

club-shaped

Answer 23

clavate

Question 24

Hyphal structures without septa

Answer 24

coenocytic

Question 25

a remnant of a cell wall present at the tip of a phialide, or around a sporangiophore

Answer 25

collarette

Question 26

- growth of an organism in a host without causing infection or tissue invasion

Answer 26

colonization

Question 27

- the distinct characteristics of a microbial colony that are visibly observed on the surface of a nutrient medium

Answer 27

colony morphology

Question 28

- a sterile dome-like structure at the tip of a sporangiophore or within a sporangium.

Answer 28

columella (pl. columellae)

Question 29

- a serologic procedure used to determine complement fixing antibody to fungal antigens.

Answer 29

complement fixation

Question 30

pertains to a type of growth on the agar surface wherein it is continuous, uniform, and the colonies are not discrete or separated; there should be no individual colonies growing on the surface.

Answer 30

confluent

Question 31

- the cell that gives rise to a conidium.

Answer 31

conidiogenous cell

Question 32

- a reproductive propagule produced in the absence of nuclear recombination, thus representing anamorphic or asexual reproduction.

Answer 32

conidium (pl. conidia)

Question 33

- a specialized hypha that gives rise to or bears a conidium.

Answer 33

conidiophore

Question 34

- a method of propagating microorganisms by supporting their growth using culture media and controlled environmental conditions

Answer 34

cultivation

Question 35

- distinct visible visual changes in the infected cells caused by a viral toxin or infection

Answer 35

cytopathic effect

Question 36

- an infection of cutaneous tissue (hair, skin and nails) caused by the keratinophilic fungi other than those of the dermatophytes

Answer 36

dermatomycosis

Question 37

- a fungi that invades the keratinized part of hair, nail, and skin.

Answer 37

dermatophyte

Question 38

- a fungus having brown or black melanotic pigment in the cell wall.

Answer 38

dematiaceous

Question 39

- this initial stage in PCR allows separation of the double-stranded DNA into two single strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds that exists between the nucleotide base pairs (bp). Temperature ranges from 94-95°C.

Answer 39

denaturation

Question 40

- fungi having two morphologic forms under different growth conditions

Answer 40

dimorphic

Question 41

- elimination or reduction of microorganisms that may cause disease

Answer 41

disinfection

Question 42

- also known as molecular-weight size markers, this is a set of predetermined DNA fragment sizes from where unknown bands are compared to identify the approximate size and concentration of a DNA fragment after running gel electrophoresis.

Answer 42

DNA Ladder

Question 43

- they represent the essential building blocks of nucleic acid molecules that are necessary components of PCR mixes during amplification. Four known types of dNTP are recognized, each with a unique DNA base: adenine (dATP), cytosine (dCTP), guanine (AGTP), and thymine (dTTP).

Answer 43

dNTPs

Question 44

- a disease which occurs in a limited geographic area.

Answer 44

endemic

Question 45

- chemically 3,8-Diamino-5-ethyl-6-pheny|phenanthridinium, is a non-radioactive but carcinogenic DNA stain. Distinct red-orange fluorescence under UV light suggests the presence of ds-DNA.

Answer 45

ethidium bromide (EtBr)

Question 46

- agent causing the infection or disease

Answer 46

etiologic agent

Question 47

- this is a step in PCR when the temperature is increased and the new DNA strand is formed through the action of Taq polymerase. Temperature is usually set at 72°C.

Answer 47

extension

Question 48

- a property wherein a particle is able to pass through a membrane filter that will prevent the transmission of bacteria

Answer 48

filterable

Question 49

hypha without crosswalls

Answer 49

aseptate