Glossary 2

Question 1

synonymous with cottony or wooly. Type of texture formed by large quantities of aerial hyphae usually arranged in a tangled manner.

Answer 1

floccose

Question 2

aka 5’ primers, these are PCR primers that are complementary to the anti-sense strand of ds-DNA and therefore responsible for its amplification. It occurs at the 5’ end of the PCR product. Primarily, it anneals to the antisense strand or negative strand of the double-stranded DNA, which runs from 3’ to 5’ direction. Antisense strand or the coding strand serves as the template strand for the synthesis of mRNA.

Answer 2

forward primer

Question 3

is the presence of fungi in the blood. The most common agent of fungemia is Candida albicans

Answer 3

fungemia

Question 4

capable of inhibiting the growth of fungi

Answer 4

fungicidal

Question 5

Soil-seeking, earth-loving. A dermatophyte having soil as its primary reservoir.

Answer 5

geophilic

Question 5

refers to the range of different inherited traits within a species

Answer 5

genetic diversity

Question 6

an elongated or tube-like structure that emerges from a spore, with no constriction at the point of origin. The presence of germ tubes can be used to presumptively identify the presence of Candida albicans.

Answer 6

germ tube

Question 7

biological agents that can potentially cause harm to humans and animals when exposed

Answer 7

hazards

Question 8

adherence of red blood cells on a virally infected cell culture

Answer 8

hemadsorption

Question 9

(an acronym for High Efficiency Particulate Air) a mechanical filter that is capable of trapping and removing particles and microorganisms from the air

Answer 9

HEPA filter

Question 10

a member of the human Herpesviridae family that can cause oral and genital infections

Answer 10

Human Simplex Virus (HSV)

Question 11

microscopic structures are clear or colorless.

Answer 11

hyaline

Question 12

A vegetative filament of a fungus.

Answer 12

hypha (pl. hyphae)

Question 13

A serologic test based on precipitation reaction to determine the presence of antibody to fungal antigen by double diffusion technique in gel medium.

Answer 13

immunodiffusion

Question 14

refers to a person’s complete set of chromosomes

Answer 14

karyotype

Question 15

A simple serologic procedure wherein the antibody formed following a fungal disease is detected through the clumping of antigen coated particles.

Answer 15

latex agglutination

Question 16

rootlike structures that anchors the fungus to the substrate and also utilized in the absorption of nutrients

Answer 16

rhizoids

Question 17

the ability to detect all patients with a specific disease.

Answer 17

sensitivity

Question 18

an organism which requires organic material as a source of energy.

Answer 18

saprobe

Question 19

a culture medium primarily used for fungal cultivation and isolation of dermatophytes

Answer 19

saboraud dextrose agar

Question 20

having cross walls or partitions

Answer 20

septate

Question 21

a reproductive propagule produced internally by “free cell” formation, as in the ascomycete, i.e., complete spores formed all at once around the nuclei available or by “progressive cleavage” as in a sporangium.

Answer 21

spore

Question 22

destruction of all life forms, including the bacterial spores.

Answer 22

sterilization

Question 23

a horizontal hypha from which hyphae, rhizoids or sporangiophore develop.

Answer 23

stolon

Question 24

material on which the fungus is growing.

Answer 24

substrate

Question 25

or also known as sensitive. The microbe is unable to grow in the presence of a particular antimicrobial

Answer 25

susceptible

Question 26

thermostable DNA polymerase used during PCR amplification. It can withstand high temperature without being denatured. It is extremely heat resistant with a half-life of 40 minutes at 95 °C. It is derived from a heat-tolerant bacterium, Thermus aquaticus. It is also abbreviated as Taq pol.

Answer 26

Taq polymerase

Question 27

used to preserve the integrity of the specimen from the time of collection up to the laboratory processing

Answer 27

transport medium

Question 28

equipment used to visualize target DNAs and proteins by emitting high levels of ultraviolet rays through the viewing surface.

Answer 28

UV transilluminator

Question 29

a human herpes virus that can cause the highly contagious chickenpox

Answer 29

Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)

Question 30

capable of inactivating or destroy viruses

Answer 30

virucidal

Question 31

predominantly a unicellular fungus, usually round or ovoid, that reproduces by budding.

Answer 31

yeast

Question 32

a culture medium that is useful for yeast identification made from peptone and yeast extract

Answer 32

yeast fermentation broth

Question 33

a circular **area** surrounding the antibiotic disk **showing no visible growth** of the inoculum

Answer 33

zone of inhibition

Question 34

are commercially available or laboratory prepared solutions used to standardize the approximate amount of bacteria or fungi in a liquid suspension. Standardization is done by either visual or spectrophotometric comparison of the turbidity of the bacterial or fungal suspension to the McFarland standard. If the turbidity is the same, the suspension is said to be standardized. A commonly used McFarland standard in clinical microbiology is the 0.5 McFarland standard, wherein its turbidity corresponds to approximately 1.5 x 10% cfu/mL.

Answer 34

McFarland standard

Question 35

this is the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that inhibits the visible growth of a bacteria or fungi. It is usually expressed in g/mL.

Answer 35

minimum inhibitory concentration

Question 36

a.k.a. candidiasis, a fungal infection caused by a yeast, Candida albicans

Answer 36

moniliasis

Question 37

fungal colonies composed of hyphae

Answer 37

mould or mold

Question 38

same definition as hyaline

Answer 38

moniliaceous

Question 39

like a wall; multicellular, with both transverse and longitudinal septations.

Answer 39

muriform

Question 40

colony with hyphae that do not produce conidia or spores

Answer 40

mycelia sterilia

Question 41

the mass of hyphae making up a fungus colony.

Answer 41

mycelium

Question 42

pertaining to fungi

Answer 42

mycotic

Question 43

a clear zone of lysis due to successive infection of host cells by a virus

Answer 43

plaque

Question 44

is defined as the presence of two or more variant forms of a specific DNA sequence that happen among different individuals or populations. SNP or single nucleotide polymorphism is the most common type.

Answer 44

polymorphisms

Question 45

a general purpose basal medium made from potato infusion and dextrose used to isolate yeasts and molds

Answer 45

potato dextrose agar

Question 46

set of media inoculated from the specimen obverse - referring to the surface

Answer 46

primary culture

Question 47

place where the fungus is found in nature.

Answer 47

reservoir

Question 48

the microbe is able to grow in the presence of a particular antimicrobial

Answer 48

resistant

Question 49

aka 3' primers, these primers are complementary to the sense or the (+) strand of the ds-DNA and therefore responsible for its amplification. It occurs at the 3' end of the PCR product. Primarily, it anneals to the sense strand or positive strand of the double-stranded DNA, which runs from 5' to 3' direction. The sense strand is complementary to the template strand and therefore, it is known as the anticoding strand.

Answer 49

reverse primer

Question 50

reffering to surface

Answer 50

obverse

Question 51

meaning of PCR

Answer 51

Polymerase Chain Reaction