Quiz 2 Highlighted

Question 2

Reward power

Answer 2

– The ability to control valued resources within the organization

Question 3

Coercion power

Answer 3

– Embodied in one’s ability to punish others

Question 4

• Legitimate power

Answer 4

The power people perceive as a result of their position within the
organization

Question 5

Trait Theory

Answer 5

Initiating structure vs. Consideration

Question 6

Initiating Structure

Answer 6

The leader’s behavior in emphasizing organizational goals by
delineating the relationship between the leader and the
subordinates when establishing well-defined patterns of
organization, communication and procedure

Question 7

Consideration

Answer 7

The leader’s behavior in emphasizing friendship, mutual trust,
between the leader and
subordinates

Question 8

Transactional

Answer 8

– Leaders broaden and elevate their followers’ interests.

• generate awareness and acceptance of the group’s purpose
  and mission.

– Leaders stir their followers to look beyond their self-interests

Question 9

Equity Theory

Answer 9

comparing themselved to others performances

• A person’s perceptions of equity are based on that person’s
  effort and rewards in relation to other people’s efforts and
  rewards.
• Several causes of inequity exist within a police department.
• Ways to decrease the effects of perceived inequity:
  – Manager should ensure no real inequitable situations exist
  – Institute a program of job rotation
  – Use supervision

Question 10

-Herzberg’s Hygiene/Motivation Theory

Answer 10

Motivation factors: work itself
* Hygiene factors: work environment

• Job satisfaction (motivation) and dissatisfaction (hygiene)
  are two different human dimensions.
• To motivate the officers, managerial practices should give
  officers some degree of control and responsibility

Question 11

-Expectancy Theory

Answer 11

Motivation as a consequence of work environment
* Individuals are motivated only when their reward is equal
to or greater than the effort they exert.
* Three beliefs of workers:
– Expectancy
* Belief that effort will result in acceptable performance
– Instrumentality
* Belief that performance will be rewarded
– Valence of outcome
* Belief that productivity will result in positive outcome or reward

Question 12

-Symbols

Answer 12

are the words, gestures, and pictures that give
meaning to another person.

Question 13

-Traits

Question 14

-Career Phases

Answer 14

1. Hitting the streets
2. Hitting their stride
3. Hitting the wall
4. Regrouping
5. Deciding to retire

Question 15

Informnal communication

Answer 15

Within the framework of the informal organization
* Constantly develops and changes

• Used by a variety of people when the need arises
• Advantageous and should be encouraged
• Disadvantages: “grapevine” and “rumor mill”

Question 16

Formal communication

Answer 16

Vertical communication: exchanging messages between two
or more levels of an organization’s hierarchy

– Downward communication: information flows from a higher level to one
or more lower levels in the organization

– Upward communication: information flows from lower levels to one or
more higher levels in the organization

• Horizontal communication: exchanging messages within or
  across work units
  – Includes: task coordination, problem solving, information sharing,
  conflict resolution, and peer support

Question 17

nonverbal

Answer 17

Refers to behaviors
– Inflection of the voice and emphasis given to words
– Expressions of the body that impart information to a receiver
* Can be unintentional on the part of the sender
* Categories of nonverbal behavior
– Kinesics
– Proxemics
– Paralanguage
– Object language

Question 18

Verbal Communication

Answer 18

• Oral communication
  – Speech
• Written communication
  – Written messages

Question 19

• Physiological barriers

Question 20

Psychological barriers

Answer 20

– Stereotyping
– The halo effect
– Projection
– Perceptual defense
– Cognitive dissonance

Question 21

Stereotyping

Question 22

The halo effect

Answer 22

first impression affect traits

Question 23

• Projection

Question 24

Perceptual defense

Answer 24

unconscious tendency to screen out info that is threatening; not open minded

Question 25

* Cognitive dissonance

Answer 25

conflicted beliefs

Question 26

Eustress

Answer 26

– Positive – A stressful event that doesn’t harm the individual – Pleasurable, challenging, or exciting stress

Question 27

Distress

Answer 27

– Negative – Harmful stimulus that threatens the functioning of the individual – Likely to overload an individual’s capacity to cope with environmental stimuli

Question 28

Sources of stress for police officers (not police leaders) -Physiological and psychological symptoms of stress

Answer 28

Organizational and administrative practices * The criminal justice system * The public * Stressors intrinsic to police work

Question 29

Critical incidents

Answer 29

Any high-risk encounter with officer-civilian contacts when officers reasonably believe they might be legally justified in using deadly force, regardless of whether they use such force or avert its use