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Psych 1101 > Quiz 2 : Modules 3,10,13,14 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 : Modules 3,10,13,14 Flashcards

14 not included in deck *yet* (73 cards)

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1
Q

Descriptive Data

A

measures of central tendency that represent a set of scores
- mean,range

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2
Q

Mode

A

most frequently occurring

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3
Q

Mean

A

arithmetic average

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4
Q

Can these measures be distorted by a few extreme scores?

A

Yes

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5
Q

Descriptive Variation

A

measuring variability in a set
- range, standard deviation

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6
Q

Range

A

difference between lowest and highest number

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7
Q

Standard Deviation

A

Range from the norm/mean

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8
Q

When are sample results reliable?

A
  • sample is representative
  • sample is large
  • measurements are similar to each other (less variable)
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9
Q

Genes

A

Biochemical units of heredity that makes up chromosomes

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10
Q

What do genes do when expressed?

A

Provide instructions to make proteins

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11
Q

DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

Make up genes

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12
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A

46 chromosomes in 23 pairs
- about 20,000 genes

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13
Q

Mono-genetics

A

Single gene

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14
Q

Are some traits primarily determined by a single gene pair?

A

Yes

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15
Q

Allele

A

A pair of genes that affect the same trait

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16
Q

Genotype

A

an organisms genetic information
constituted by all the pairs of alleles

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17
Q

Phenotype

A

How a trait is expressed

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18
Q

Eye color

A

B- dominant, b -recessive
We get one gene in each allele from each parent

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19
Q

Example of genotype vs phenotype

A

Genes (BB or bb) are the genotype
Eye color (green, blue, etc) are the phenotype

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20
Q

Molecular Genetics

A

Process by which genes are inherited
How genes influence biology( creation of proteins
searches for specific genes that together influence complex traits

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21
Q

Wet lab

A

drugs, chemicals and other types of matter are tested by various methods
- typically studied by physicians/psychiatrists

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22
Q

Which kind of genetics use a wetlab

A

Molecular Genetics

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23
Q

Behavior Genetics

A

study patterns of behavior & their linkages to genetic material
result of genetic variation
Typically done by psychologists

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24
Q

Research needs of behavior genetics

A

People of known genetic relationships to each other
- (families,twins)
Data of any kind

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25
What are the two kinds of twins
Monozygotic (identical) Dyzygotic (fraternal)
26
how do genes vary from the different twins
MZ- share 100% of genes DZ- share 50% of genes
27
Heritability Statistic
proportion of phenotype (behavioral) variance that can be explained by genes
28
Do heritability statistics say specifically how genes influence behavior?
No, but they can tell us that genes are important and to what degree
29
How much heritability is in personality
Approximately 0.5
30
Similarity to siblings
siblings share both genes (approx. 50%)
31
What do genes explain the differences between?
Genes explain differences between people NOT groups
32
Epigenetics
studies how the environment can influence gene expression
33
Are genes a good predictor of risk or 'destiny'?
No
34
Developmental Psychology
Focus on CHANGE over time
35
What are the two ways to study twins?
Cross-sectional Longitudinal
36
Cross-sectional
Measure different age groups at same time * cannot tell if differences are due to age, or year they were born
37
Longitudinal
Follows the same people over time
38
What are the major issues in developmental psychology?
- nature and nurture - continuity and state - stability and change
39
What are the stages of prenatal period
- fertilization: 0-2 weeks - embryo: 2-8 weeks - fetus: 9 weeks to birth
40
Fertilization
sperm and ovum join to form a single new cell, called *Zygote*
41
Teratogen
virus/chemical that causes birth defect
42
Maturation
The orderly sequence of biological growth
43
Maturation vs experience
Maturation(nature) sets basic course of development, experience (nurture) adjusts it
44
When does developing brain cortex peak?
28 weeks
45
Assimilation
The ability to incorporate new information within existing mental representations of the world
46
Who did the experiment involving rearing monkeys with two artificial mother
Harry and Margaret Harlow
47
Reflex
Automatic set of coordinated behavior Aids with survival
48
Palmar Grasp Reflex
when placing a finger or stroking inside of inhant;s, pam, the hand will close around it
49
Plantar Grasp
when olacing a finger under the toes, the toes will curl - disappears around 9 months to 1 year
50
Moro Reflex
when infants hears a sudden loud noise or expereinces sudeen movemt, the infact will extend their palm up dissapears around 6 months
51
Rooting Reflex
When infants cheek or side of mount is stroked the head will turn towafds it disappears around 4 months
52
Sucking Reflex
When something touches the top of infants mouth the infant will begin to suck disappears aroind 4 months
53
Why do we test these reflexes?
Checks health of nervous system
54
Are these responses voluntary?
No
55
Why is it hard to soothe a crying baby?
Because babies can't talk, we can only make guesses (infer what they're thinking)
56
Habituation
a decrease in responding with repeated stimulation boredom
57
Prior to ___ months, almost any kind person can comfort a crying infant
7
58
Stranger Anxiety
at 7 months, infants start to show fear around strangers who approach
59
Why can babies feel fear around strangers at 7 months?
They can now distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar people
60
Jean Piaget (1896-1980) * NOTECARD *
- Children's thinking is qualitatively different from adults - characterized children as 'mini scientists'
61
How are kids mini scientists
Interact with environment to test ideas Use experiences to revise ways of thinking
62
Schema
cognitive structure that organizes information
63
Accommodation
modify way of thinking to better fit new information
64
Assimilation and Accommodation '* NOTE *
Assimilation and accommodation propel us through stages of cognitive development
65
Jean Piaget Stages
sensorimotor, preoperational
66
Sensorimotor
birth to 18 months or 2 years knowing only by seeing and touching if someone leaves their eyesight, they have essentially gone away forever
67
Preoperational
approximately 2 - 7 years concept formation, symbolic reasoning
68
What stage explain why peek a boo works so well
sensorimotor
69
Object permanence
maintaining a mental image of something you can't see
70
When is object permanence achieved?
At the END of sensorimotor period
71
Symbolic funciton
Use a mental symbol to stand for something not physically present
72
Centration
concentrating on one limited aspect of a stimulus - what is most obvious captures and keeps your attention
73

Psych 1101 (3 decks)

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