Quiz 2 part 2 Flashcards
(41 cards)
Definition of an abscess
Collection of pus (necrotic cells) that builds up in a tissue
How are infarctions usually caused?
Most are caused by either thrombosis or emboli, They may be arterial or venous and may be classified as red or white
What determines the fate of infarcts?
Depends on factors such as their anatomic site, the general circulation of the patient, and the body’s capacity to repair the area of infarction.
Abscesses are associated with what?
Bacterial infections (G- endotoxic shock) Inflammation
What is the best prevention against thrombosis
Heparin
Describe an amniotic fluid embolus
The entry of amniotic fluid containing fetal cells and debris into the maternal circulation through a tear in the placental membranes and rupture of the open uterine and cervical veins
T or F, Amniotic fluid embolus are rare complications that are often acute and easily treated. They usually occur at the beginning of labor
Both statements are false.
- They are catastrophic
- Occur at end of labor
What are the classical findings of amniotic fluid embolus in the maternal bloodstream
Presence of epithelial squamous cells shed from fetal skin, lanugo hair and fat from vernix caseosa within the pulmonary vasculature
The onset of amniotic fluid embolus is characterized by what 5 things
- Sudden severe dyspnea
- Cyanosis
- Hypotensive shock
Followed by: - Seizures
- Coma
- If pt survives, pulmonary edema develops along with DIC
Other names for shock lung syndrome
Adult Respiratory Distress syndrome (ARDS)
What is ARDS
Left ventricular insufficiency raises the intrapulmonary venous pressure, causing stagnation of blood in the pulmonary circulation, and favor the formation of pulmonary edema
Define Ecchymosis, Purpura and Petechiae
Ecchymosis: larger, blotchy bruises
Purpura: Small hemorrhages into skin & mucosa between 1mm to 1cm
Petechiae: Small hemorrhages into the skin & mucosa less than 1 mm in diameter
Define contusion and hematoma
Contusion: A bruise
Hematoma: blood released by internal hemorrhage fills body cavities
What is the pathophysiology surrounding bone marrow emboli
Complete with hematopoietic cells and fat are often seen in the lungs at autopsy. Usually encountered after cardiac resuscitation in which fractures of the bones of the sternum, thorax and ribs are common. No symptoms related to this event.
Causes of hypovolemic shock
Results from a loss of circulatory volume, attributed to massive hemorrhage or to water loss related to massive burn, vomiting, or diarhhea
What is Active hyperemia
A consequence or dilatation of the arterioles and mediated by neural signals that lead to the relaxation of arteriolar smooth muscle.
What is Passive hyperemia
Congestive or congestion is caused by an increased venous back pressure and most often occurs in a chronic form
Passive (reactive) hyperemia is typically a consequence of what?
Congestive heart failure, where the stagnation of venous deoxygenated blood contributes to cyanosis coloring of tissue & is often associated with peripheral or pulmonary edema.
Is there an association with passive hyperemia and heart failure cells?
yes, chronic passive congestion of lungs leads to edema, extravasation of RBCs into alveoli & the “heart failure” cells are seen
Name of the most common form of oral cancer
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (95%) of oral cancers
In general, oral cancer accounts for approx. what percentage of all malignant tumors in men & women
Men – 5%
Women – 2%
Oral cancers are more common in men or women? Why
Men by 2:1 ratio
- Greater use of tobacco and alcohol
Average age for oral cancer
50-70 yrs. old and is unusual under the age of 40
Where is oral cancer the single most common cancer in men?
India
- 40% of all cancer, due to chewing Paan, a combination of betel leaves and areca nuts, both considered precancerous to the oral cavity
