Quiz 2 - PRELIMS Flashcards by Ariem Kim

Changes in a population over time

Evolution

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They demonstrated scientific evidence that the sun is at the center of our solar system and the earth moves around the sun

Galileo and Copernicus

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The belief that the sun is at the center

Heliocentric theory

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Galileo found guilty of _____

Heresy

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Science has overwhelming evidence that a life is constantly evolving

Theory of evolution

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One mechanism of evolution

Natural selection

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Animal that has a very slow reproductive rate

Elephant

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Offspring of the same parents are different from each other

Variation of offspring

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Individuals compete to survive for:

Food
Living space
Mates

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Adapted to survive in Oklahoma

Brown bears

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Adapted to survive in Alaska

Polar bears

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Scientific disciplines that give evidence for evolution:

Paleontology
Comparative anatomy
Biogeography
Molecular biology

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Study of fossils

Paleontology

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The study of the molecules of life including DNA and Proteins

Molecular biology

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Controls embryonic development of different body regions

Homeobox or HOX

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Human DNA compared to chimpanzee =

99% same

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Human DNA compared to gorilla=

97.7% same

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Human DNA compared to orangutan=

96.3% same

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Human DNA compared to another human=

99.9% same

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Closest protein match for an organ transplant?

A persons father

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It used to release energy from food

Protein

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How many amino acids are different in tuna fish?

100

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How many amino acids are different in a horse?

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How many amino acids are different in kangaroo?

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How many amino acids are different in a monkey?

How many amino acids are different in chimpanzee?

None ; identical

Made up of atoms & chemical bonds

Chemical uniqueness

In the biological hierarchy, there are certain properties that emerge at a given level of the hierarchy, which we call

Emergent properties

For the perpetuation of the species; achieved either sexually or asexually

Reproduction

Single parent produces offspring identical to parent

Asexual

2 parents produce unique offspring having characteristics or traits of each parent

Sexual

Provision of “fidelity of inheritance” thru DNA/RNA

Genetic program

DNA means

Deoxyribonucleic acid

RNA means

Ribonucleic acid

Genetic material that contains the “blueprints” for each organism

DNA

Building up of molecules

Anabolism

Breakdown of molecules

Catabolism

Sun is the source of most energy

Obtain nutrition

Make food

Producers

Eat

Consumers

Absorb

Decomposers

Breakdown of large food particles into smaller pieces

Digestion

Mixing food with oxygen to release energy

Respiration

Process of putting together or building up

Synthesis

Removal of waste

Excretion

2 types of growth:

Accretion Intussusception

External growth

Accretion

Internal growth

Intussusception

This involves change, not growth

Development

Respond negatively/positively

Irritability

Going back to its natural state

Contractility

Transmit impulses

Conductivity

The study of how organisms interact with their environment is called?

Environmental interaction

Is anything that may cause an organism to react

Stimulus

The reaction to something in the environment

Response

Maintaining a stable internal environment

Homeostasis

The first law of thermodynamics

The law of conservation of energy

The second law of thermodynamics

Law of entropy

How long was the first microscope?

6 ft long

They created the first microscope

Hans and zacharias Janssen

They made improvements by working on the lenses

Anthony van leeuwenhoek and robert hooked

Curved glass used to make microscopes

Convex lenses

Magnifies the image

Ocular lens

Image focuses

Body tube

Gathers light, magnifies and focuses image inside body tube

Objective lens

The objective convex lens magnifies and focuses the image inside the body tube and the ocular convex lens of a microscope magnifies it

Bending light

Holds the objective lenses and the ocular lens at the proper distance

Body tube

Holds the objective lenses and can be turned to increase the magnification

Nose piece

Increase magnification (usually from 10x to 40x)

Objective lenses

Hold the specimen/slide in place on the stage

Stage clips

Controls the amount of light on the slide/specimen

Diaphragm

Projects light upwards through the diaphragm, the specimen and the lenses

Light source

Magnifies the specimen image

Ocular lens / eyepiece

Used to support the microscope when carried. Holds the body tube, nose piece and objective lenses

Arm

Supports the slide / specimen

Stage

Moves the stage up and down (quickly) for focusing your image

Coarse adjustment knob

This knob moves the stage slightly to sharpen the image

Fine adjustment knob

Supports the microscope

Base

Quiz 2 - PRELIMS Flashcards

(78 cards)