Quiz 2 Study

Question 1

What are the four basic processes of cells

Answer 1

1. Cell metabolism
2. Transport of substances
3. Communication
4. Cell reproduction

Question 2

Describe the first basic process of cell- CELL METABOLISM

Answer 2

Everything that a cell carries out to maintain life

Anabolic- small molecules bond together to form big bond
Catabolic- break down into smaller
Oxidation- reduction- convert energy into fuel

Question 3

Describe the second basic cell process- TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES

Answer 3

A vital process of substances a cell has produced or ingested to a variety of destinations

Question 4

Describe the third basic cell process- COMMUNICATION

Answer 4

Between the cell itself, the surrounding environment, and other cells

Carried out by chemical and electrical signals

Question 5

Describe the fourth basic cell process- CELL REPRODUCTION

Answer 5

Necessary for growth and development and for replacement of old and damaged cells

Question 6

What are the three components of a cells structure

Answer 6

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

Question 7

PLASMA MEMBRANE

Answer 7

Surround the cell

Isolates internal structures and processes external environment

Provides cell with structural support, communication with other cells, and identification of cells.

Contains Intarcellular space (ICF) (or cytosol) (fluid inside of cell) and separates it from Extracellular space (ECF) (fluid outside of cell)

Question 8

Three parts of CYTOPLASM

Answer 8

1. Cytosol: ICF; site of many important chemical reactions
2. Organelles: suspended in cytosol, separates damaging chemical reactions from surrounding cell structures (COMPARTMENTALIZATION)
3. Cytoskeleton: network of protein filaments, maintain shapes, holds organelle in place, provides transportation.

Question 9

NUCLEOUS

Answer 9

Single rough spherical organelle

Enclosed in phospholipid bilayer; nuclear envelope

Contains cell RNA+DNA (Protein Synthesis)

Question 10

Cells vary in size and structure to enable them to __________ _______ __________. This is known as __________-_______ ______ _________________

Answer 10

Better perform functions

Structure- function core principle

Question 11

The TWO PROPERTIES the PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER must have in order for plasma membrane to FORM A BARRIER between ECF and ICF

Answer 11

1. Parts that interact with water without falling apart
2. Parts that repel water and keep ECF and ICF

Question 12

AMPHIPHILIC

Answer 12

Phospholipids are amphiphilic

-(has a HYDROPHILIC POLAR HEAD facing each fluid compound; and TWO HYDROPHOBIC NONPOLAR TAILS that face each other ) and form water resistant barrier

Question 13

Fluid mosaic model

Answer 13

Describes plasma membrane as dynamic fluid structure with multiple components; some with ability to move within bilayer

Components such as membrane proteins, lipids, carbs, glycolipids, glycoproteins

Question 14

MEMBRANE PROTEINS- what are they and what are the two types

Answer 14

Main component of plasma membrane

1. Integral Proteins- span entire plasma membrane (transmembrane)
2. Peripheral Proteins- found only on one side of plasma membrane

Question 15

What are the functions of the membrane proteins

Answer 15

1. Act as PROTEIN CHANNELS. Transports substances across plasma membrane
2. Act as CARRIER PROTEINS. Directly bind to and transport substances in and out of cell
3. Act as RECEPTORS. Binds to chemical messengers called LIGANDS. Triggers sequence of events in the cell when bind.
4. Act as ENZYMES. Speeds up chemical reactions; vital to maintaining homeostasis
5. PROVIDES FOR STRUCTURAL SUPPORT. Gives cells shape and help maintain structural integrity
6. LINKS ADJACENT CELLS to one another, anchors cells within a tissue and allows communication

Question 16

Other components of plasma membrane

Answer 16

Lipids, carbs, glycolipids, and glycoproteins

Cholesterol- lipid molecule, stabilizes membrane fluid structure during temperature change

Glycolipids and Glycoproteins- carbs bound to lipid or protein; identifies cell as part of body and cell recognition

Question 17

What is selective permeability and what are the two types

Answer 17

The phospholipid bilayer is selectively permeable ALLOWING CERTAIN MOLECULES to cross it while PROHIBITING PASSAGE OF OTHER MOLECULES.

1.ACTIVE

2.PASSIVE

Question 18

What are the three variables to determine how a substance is able to move across the membrane by passive or active transport

Answer 18

1. Type of substance
2. Substance concentration in ICF + ECF
   3.Plasma membrane permeability to substance