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INTRO TO ORTHO > quiz #2 - tendinitis, bursitis, dislocations > Flashcards

quiz #2 - tendinitis, bursitis, dislocations Flashcards

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1
Q

dislocation

A

complete dissociation of articulating surfaces of a joint

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2
Q

subluxation

A

when articulating surfaces of a joint remain in partial contact with each other

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3
Q

GH - anterior dislocation

A

most common

caused by excessive ABD & external
rotation of humerus

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4
Q

GH - posterior dislocation

A

caused by flexion, ADD & internal rotation of humerus

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5
Q

patella dislocation

A

usually dislocated laterally

mechanism: external rotation of tibia & foot when knee is flexed

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6
Q

lunate dislocation

A

dislocates in a palmar direction

mechanism: by fall on outstretched hand, forcing wrist into hyperextension

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7
Q

elbow dislocation

A

often accompanied by fracture

caused by fall on outstretched hand or MVA

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8
Q

hip dislocation

A

uncommon

mechanism: car/ motorcycle accident
-if person seated, femur forced posteriorly by direct impact to knee
-following reduction, limb tractioned for up to 6 weeks

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9
Q

CI’s - dislocations

A

-avoid testing other than pain-free AF ROM in acute and subacute stages
-avoid removing protective mm splinting
-avoid distal circulation techniques in acute & early subacute stages
-joint play CI’d if capsule hasn’t been surgically reduced
-frictions CI’d if on anti-inflammatories or blood thinners
-avoid heavy hydro in acute & subacute stages
-remedial exercise in acute stage is CI’d
-ensure mm strength before restoring ROM in dislocation direction

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10
Q

dislocations - symptoms: ACUTE

A

intense pain, snapping sound, local edema, bruising, decreased ROM

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11
Q

dislocations - symptoms: EARLY SUBACUTE

A

reduced pain, edema, inflammation, developing adhesions, reduced ROM

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12
Q

dislocations - symptoms: LATE SUBACUTE

A

diminished bruising, increased mm tone, maturing adhesions

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13
Q

dislocations - symptoms: CHRONIC

A

local pain, mature adhesions, reduced ROM, potential mm weakness & instability

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14
Q

dislocations - H.H. questions

A

-do you know the mechanism of the injury?
-are you using any supports?
-what symptoms are you currently experiencing?
-what activities are difficult to complete
-was the joint immobilized or surgically repaired?

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15
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of a tendon

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16
Q

tendons

A

attach muscle to bone, part of musculotendinous unit

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17
Q

tendinitis - causes

A

chronic overload of tendon, leading to microtearing & an inflammatory response in tendon

contributing factors: mm imbalances, lack of flexibility, improper equipment & training errors

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18
Q

tendons - appearance in 2 shapes

A

-cord-like structures
-broad, sheet-like called aponeurosis

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19
Q

types of tendons - overuse injuries

A

tendinitis
paratendinitis
tendinosis

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20
Q

PARATENDINITIS

A

inflammation of paratendon or tendon sheath where structures associated with tendon, either of which may be irritated by tendon as it rubs over bony prominence

also called: “tenosynovitis” or “tenovaginitis”

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21
Q

tenosynovitis (paratendinits)

A

irritation of inner surface of tendon sheath by roughened surface of tendon

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22
Q

tenovaginitis

A

irritation & thickening of sheath itself

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23
Q

tendinosis

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A

degenerative changes occurring with chronic overuse tendon injuries, such as “tennis elbow”

24
Q

grade 1 - tendinitis

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A

pain after activity only

25
grade 2 - tendinitis
pain at beginning of activity, disappears during activity, returns after activity
26
grade 3 - tendinitis
pain at beginning of activity, during & after – pain may restrict activity
27
grade 4 - tendinitis
pain with ADL’s & pain continues to get worse
28
rotator cuff - common locations for tendinitis
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis
29
biceps long head tendon - common locations for tendinitis
30
tennis/ golfer’s elbow - common locations for tendinitis
common extensor tendon , common flexor tendon
31
wrist - common locations for tendinitis
abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis
32
knee - common locations for tendinitis
patellar tendon, popliteus tendon
33
ankle - common locations for tendinitis
tibialis posterior, achilles tendon
34
tendinitis - symptoms: ACUTE
gradual onset, local tenderness, microtearing, inflammation, crepitus, decreased ROM
35
tendinitis - symptoms: CHRONIC
chronic pain, fibrosis, adhesions, potential tendon rupture
36
tendinitis - H.H. questions
-what activities/ movements cause pain? -where is pain located? -was there a previous injury to the affected limb?
37
IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME
inflammation, pain & edema in tissues within coracoacromial arch & between acromioclavicular & glenohumeral heads
38
ROTATOR CUFF TEARS
overuse, impingement & normal aging can lead to painful tearing of rotator cuff tendons
39
CALCIFIC TENDINITIS
late-occurring stage of rotator cuff tendonitis, usually developing in supraspinatus tendon
40
TRIGGER FINGER
through overuse, flexor tendons of any finger may develop thickened, nodular swelling finger stuck in flexion until passively extended by external force
41
bursitis
inflammation of a bursa often secondary to tendinitis
42
bursa
= small, flat sac lined with synovium FUNCTION: reduce friction, usually between tendons & bones
43
bursa can regrow in _____ if surgically removed
6-24 months
44
bursitis - causes
overuse of structures surrounding bursa, leading to excessive friction & inflammation of bursa walls contributing factors: mm imbalance, poor biomechanics, postural dysfunctions, lack of flexibility, acute trauma, infection & pathologies such as OA, gout & RA
45
shoulder - common bursa locations
subacromial/ subdeltoid (acromion & supraspinatus tendon) subscapular bursae (scapula & subscapularis mm)
46
elbow - common bursa locations
olecranon bursa (olecranon & subcutaneous fascia)
47
hip - common bursa locations
-trochanteric (glute max & greater troch.) -iIliopectineal (iliopsoas & iliofemoral) - pressure on femoral nerve -ischial bursae (glute max & ischial tub.) - mimics sciatic nerve pain
48
what bursa mimics sciatic pain?
ischial bursa -may be referral down posterior leg that mimics sciatic pain
49
knee - common bursa locations
-pes anserine (between tendons of sartorius, semitendinosus, gracilis mm & medial tibia) -infrapatellar (between IT band & LCL & tibia) -prepatellar (lower patella & patella lig. & skin)
50
ankle - common bursa locations
retrocalcaneal bursa (achilles tendon & calcaneus)
51
BAKER’S CYST
synovial cyst, usually appears at lateral side of popliteal space -thought to be an enlargement of extracapsular bursa between gastrocnemius & semimembranosus mm, or herniation of synovium through posterior joint capsule wall
52
BUNION
1st MTP joint capsule -formed by excessive bone growth (exostosis), a callus & inflamed, thickened bursa developing over joint
53
bursitis - CI's
-with acute bursitis, therapist should avoid compressing bursa or applying techniques that place drag on surrounding tissues -on-site techniques CI’d with acute bursitis -if infective bursitis, client referred for medical attention
54
bursitis - symptoms: ACUTE
-compressed & irritated by surrounding structures -deep, burning pain, -inflammation, heat, swelling -restricted ROM -tendonitis may be present
55
bursitis - symptoms: CHRONIC
localized pain, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, adhesions, less restricted ROM

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