Quiz 2 - Terms

Question 1

2nd Ypres

Answer 1

This was the battle where the Germans used chlorine gas for the first time on the Allied. Firsted they gassed the French trenches and they had to retrated. And the Canadian troops had to defend Kitchener’s Woods. Then they gassed the Canadians, but they urinated on a handkerchief and were mostly safe from the chlorine gas and stayed in their trenches. Lastly the Germans gas the British trenches which caused them to retreat. Later that night the Germans thought no one was in the trenches. But when they got close enough the Canadians troops across all of the trenches shot them with their machine guns. The Canadians were able to hold the line for three days until they got support. Because of this battle the Canadians got a reputation for their courage/bravery.

Question 2

Ammunition Shelf

Answer 2

Stores extra ammunition in the trench

Question 3

Artillery

Answer 3

different types of weapons made up the artillery of WWI. Guns had a long barrel and shot almost directly at their target. Howitzers had a shorter barrel and fired their projectiles in a curved trajectory. Mortars had a short barrel, a higher curved trajectory and were mainly placed in trenches.

Question 4

Attrition

Answer 4

The First World War is often perceived as a war of attrition, a conflict in which each side tried to wear the other down by killing as many of its men as possible.

Question 5

Bluebird

Answer 5

they were women who all dressed in blue, nun-like outfits and were given a bird name and went overseas to be nurses and ambulance drivers.

Question 6

Robert Borden

Answer 6

he was Canada’s prime minister from 1911 to 1920. He was a part of the conservative party. To ensure victory for conscription, Borden introduced two laws to skew the voting towards the government. The law also gave female relatives of servicemen the vote. Thus, the 1917 election was the first federal election in which some women were allowed to vote.

Question 7

CEF

Answer 7

the Canadian Expeditionary Force was the entire overseas force fielded by Canada during the First World War.

Question 8

Cannon

Answer 8

Fires a shell over a long arc and most likely hits its target head-on

Question 9

Communication trench

Answer 9

a trench that provides protected passage between the rear and front lines of a defensive position

Question 10

Cooties

Answer 10

the nickname American soldiers gave to body lice

Question 11

Deported

Answer 11

To send back to one’s country of origin

Question 12

Douglas Haig

Answer 12

Field Marshal Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig (1861–1928) was a British military leader who commanded the British Expeditionary Force during World War I. He is a controversial figure, known for his leadership on the Western Front, particularly during the battles of the Somme and Passchendaele, which resulted in significant British casualties. Haig’s strategy of attrition has been criticized for its high cost in lives. Despite this, some historians argue that his leadership played a role in the Allied victory in 1918. Haig was also involved in post-war activities, such as organizing the British Legion to support former servicemen

Question 13

Duckboard

Answer 13

Duckboards were first used at Ploegsteert Wood, Ypres in December 1914. They were used throughout the First World War being usually placed at the bottom of the trenches to cover the sump-pits, the drainage holes which were made at intervals along one side of the trench.

Question 14

Dugout:

Answer 14

Area to rest and sleep in the trench

Question 15

Enemy Alien

Answer 15

was the term used to describe citizens of states legally at war with the British Empire, and who resided in Canada during the war. These included immigrants from the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria.

Question 16

Fire Step

Answer 16

So that soldiers in front-line trenches could fire through the parapet, a fire-step was dug into the forward side of the trench. The fire-step was 2 or 3 ft high. It was on this that the sentries stood. It was also used by the whole unit when standing-to (an anticipated enemy attack).

Question 17

Franics Pegahmagabow

Answer 17

Francis Pegahmagabow was a highly-effective sniper and scout in the First World War, and his military service and passionate advocacy for Indigenous rights continue to be an inspiration to his Nishnaabe community. He was among the earliest enlistees following the declaration of war.

Question 18

Front line trench

Answer 18

Front line in the battle

Question 19

Habeas Corpus

Answer 19

a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, especially to secure the person’s release unless lawful grounds are shown for their detention.

Question 20

Henry Norwest

Answer 20

one of the most famous Canadian snipers in the First World War was a Métis marksman who went by the name of Henry Louis Norwest. In his nearly three years of service with the 50th Canadian Infantry Battalion, the lance-corporal achieved a sniping record of 115 fatal shots.

Question 21

Internment Camp

Answer 21

People were held in camps across the country. More than 8,500 people were interned during the First World War and as many as 24,000 during the Second World War — including some 12,000 Japanese Canadians. Internment is the forcible confinement or detention of a person during wartime.

Question 22

John Shiwak

Answer 22

John Shiwak was a Newfoundland sniper of Inuk descent who served during World War I as a member of the Newfoundland Regiment. Known for his exceptional marksmanship skills, he was recognized as one of the best snipers in the British forces during the war. Shiwak, born in 1889, hailed from Cul-de-Sac near Rigolet, Labrador, where he honed his hunting and shooting abilities. He joined the Newfoundland Regiment in 1915 and was promoted to Lance Corporal due to his sharpshooting prowess. Tragically, on November 21, 1917, Shiwak and six fellow soldiers were killed by a shell at Masnières, France. His death was deeply felt by his regiment, as he was admired for his scouting abilities and reliability.

Question 23

Lee Enfield rifle

Answer 23

The rifle used by the British

Question 24

Machine Gun

Answer 24

A gun that came to prevalence in WW1. It was a good defensive weapon, and 1 machine gun was worth 60-100 rifles

Question 25

MacAdam Shovel

Answer 25

The MacAdam Shield-Shovel, also known as the Hughes Shovel, was an item of Canadian infantry equipment during the First World War. It was a shovel with a hole in it so you could put your gun in there and aim through it so your head was behind the shovel head.

Question 26

Merchant Marine

Answer 26

The Merchant Marine consisted of individuals who served as crew members aboard merchant ships. During wartime, it was known as the Merchant Navy. There are no employment files. Crew members of merchant vessels signed contracts, called articles of agreement, with the master of the vessel.

Question 27

Morale

Answer 27

The bonds of friendship, loyalty and community based on shared experience and common dangers

Question 28

Mortar/Howitzer

Answer 28

Lobs the shell over a high arc so it lands a top its target

Question 29

Mustard Gas

Answer 29

The most commonly used gas in WWI was mustard gas. In pure liquid form this is colorless, but in WWI impure forms were used, which had a mustard color with an odor reminiscent of garlic or horseradish.

Question 30

No Man’s Land

Answer 30

disputed ground between the front lines or trenches of two opposing armies.

Question 31

Oliver Martin

Answer 31

he was a member of the nation from the Six Nations Grand River Reserve, Martin served in First and Second World Wars, gaining the rank of brigadier and was the highest ranking First Nations person of the Second World War.

Question 32

Over the Top

Answer 32

The moment they emerged from the trenches to charge out over open land and attack the enemy

Question 33

Parapet

Answer 33

To stop enemy machine guns bullet from hitting in the trench

Question 34

Paris Gun

Answer 34

l long-range cannon produced by the German arms manufacturer Krupp in 1917–18 during ww1. It was a terror weapon but did not do it’s job to well,

Question 35

Phosgene gas

Answer 35

Was a deadly gas which was colourless and smelled like a mouldy hay used extensively during WWI as a choking (pulmonary) agent. This gas was so heavy and it did not move across the battlefield so it was mixed with chlorine gas. It was called white star gas because that was the symbol on the shells where this gas was keeped.

Question 36

Profiteering

Answer 36

Making a profit by raising prices on needed goods or producing poor-quality materials

Question 37

Rail Gun

Answer 37

It was a artillery that was made to hit the end of the enemy base
Railway guns, including those used in WWI, were mounted on specially constructed railway cars and fired from these mobile platforms. They provided armies with the capability to deliver heavy firepower over long distances. .

Question 38

Reserve Trench

Answer 38

the third line in battle

Question 39

Romanticism

Answer 39

the thought of where people romanticize the idea of going off to fight in war. They make it seem as if it is an amazing thing when in reality it is a devastating and haunting experience.

Question 40

Ross Rifle

Answer 40

in the early 20th Century, the Ross rifle, a Canadian-made infantry rifle, was produced as an alternative to the British-made Lee-Enfield rifle. The Ross rifle was used during the First World War, where it gained a reputation as an unreliable weapon among Canadian soldiers.

Question 41

Sam Hughes

Answer 41

Sam Hughes was the Minister of Militia and Defense for the Canadian army and he fought in the Boer War. I do not think that he was a good leader for the Canadian military for a number of reasons. First off, he was a blatant racist towards the French Canadians telling them that they couldn’t speak their language and trying to tell them that what they believed in was wrong (they were Catholics, he was Anglaician). He trained the recruits for roughly 3 weeks and then decided that they were trained enough to fight over in Europe. Lastly he provided the men with gear that would not work very well in WWI all because his friends owned the companies that made the weapons he supplied them with.

Question 42

Sapper

Answer 42

A sapper, in the sense first used by the French military, was one who dug trenches to allow besieging forces to advance towards the enemy defensive works and forts, over ground that is under the defenders’ musket or artillery fire. This digging was referred to as sapping the enemy fortifications.

Question 43

Schlieffen Plan

Answer 43

Schlieffen Plan, battle plan first proposed in 1905 by Alfred, Graf (count) von Schlieffen, chief of the German general staff, that was designed to allow Germany to wage a successful two-front war. Germany, therefore, could eliminate one while the other was kept in check.

Question 44

Shrapnel

Answer 44

A hollow projectile containing bullets or the like and a bursting charge, designed to explode before reaching the target, and to set free a shower of missiles.

Question 45

Sniper

Answer 45

a person who shoots from a hiding place, especially accurately and at long range.

Question 46

Support Trench

Answer 46

second line in battle

Question 47

Tear Gas

Answer 47

This gas irritates the eyes. The person infected went blinded for a short period of time

Question 48

Tom Longboat

Answer 48

Tom Longboat was a renowned Onondaga distance runner from the Six Nations of the Grand River. He gained fame as a world champion long-distance runner, winning the Boston Marathon in 1907 and the world professional marathon championships in 1909. Despite his athletic success, Longboat enlisted in the Canadian Armed Forces during World War I. Serving as a dispatch runner in France, he was twice wounded and twice mistakenly declared dead while maintaining his professional running career. Longboat’s running prowess continued during his service, participating in inter-battalion sporting contests and winning races.

Question 49

Trench Foot

Answer 49

Trench foot or immersion foot is a type of tissue damage caused by prolonged exposure to cold and wet conditions. It leads to swelling, pain, and sensory disturbances in the feet. It can lead to damage to the blood vessels, nerves, skin, and muscle.
Tri-plane - an airplane with three main supporting surfaces superposed.

Question 50

Valcartier Camp

Answer 50

this is where Sam Hughes “trained” all of the men who were recruited in Canada for the First World War. In total the camp held 35,000 troops.

Question 51

Western Front

Answer 51

The Western Front was a military theatre of World War II encompassing Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Germany. World War II military engagements in Southern Europe and elsewhere are generally considered as separate theatres. This is where most of the fighting during WWI took place.

Question 52

White Star Gas

Answer 52

It also killed its victim within 48 hours of the attack. Advancing armies also used a mixture of chlorine and phosgene called ‘white star’. Mustard Gas (Yperite) was first used by the German Army in September 1917.

Question 53

Wilfrid Laurier

Answer 53

he was the first French prime minister of Canada. Throughout his whole term he had to try and keep both the English and French-speaking Canadians happy and it was a very tricky job.

Question 54

War Measures Act

Answer 54

• it gave broad powers to the Canadian government to maintain security and order during “war, invasion or insurrection.” It was used, controversially, to suspend the civil liberties of people in Canada who were considered “enemy aliens” during both world wars. This led to mass arrests and detentions without charges or trials.