Quiz 5 WWII People and Terms

Question 1

Adolf Hitler

Answer 1

• Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Germany from 1933 until his death in 1945. He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party, becoming the chancellor in 1933 and then assuming the title of Führer in 1934. He is the reason for WWII and is behind the deaths of millions of Jewish people.

Question 2

Bernard. Montgomery

Answer 2

• Field Marshal Bernard Law Montgomery was one of the most prominent and successful British commanders of the Second World War (1939-45). Known as ‘Monty’, he notably commanded the Allies against General Erwin Rommel in North Africa, and in the invasions of Italy and Normandy.

Question 3

Douglas MacArthur

Answer 3

• U.S. general who commanded the Southwest Pacific Theatre in World War II. (They guy in the Philippines during Pearl Harbour)

Question 4

George Zhukov

Answer 4

• chief of staff of the Red Army and organized the defense of Leningrad and Moscow (1941).

Question 5

H. E. Kimmel

Answer 5

• commander in chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet in Hawaii at the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.

Question 6

Hugh Dowding-

Answer 6

• Air Officer Commanding RAF Fighter Command during the Battle of Britain

Question 7

Gen. John H. Roberts

Answer 7

• Roberts was put in charge of the ground troops for the ill-fated raid against Dieppe, on August 19th, 1942. From his post of command aboard HMS Calpe, Roberts had only a vague idea of how the operation was unfolding. It is only when troops were recalled towards their transport fleet that Roberts clearly realized how desperate the situation was: almost no objective had been achieved and two brigades out of three had been decimated. Roberts, who had no part in the planning, was not blamed for the failure of the raid; to the contrary, he was even awarded the Distinguished Service Order. In March 1943, Major-General Roberts was severely criticized for his tactical weaknesses during Spartan, a large-scale exercise in preparation for D-Day. In April 1943, he was transferred to the Canadian Reinforcement Units, and would receive no further operational command. Two years later he joined the Commonwealth War Grave Commission

Question 8

Joseph Stalin

Answer 8

• Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who governed the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He served as both General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union

Question 9

Lord L. Mountbatten

Answer 9

• Lord Mountbatten was the second cousin of King George V and was the great grandson of Queen Victoria. In a political move, Mountbatten was promoted by Prime Minister Winston Churchill to the position of the head of Combined Operations Command, with the effective rank of a navy vice admiral, an army lieutenant general, and an air marshal. This move upset some of the more senior military officers who thought Mountbatten was ill-suited for the job. Despite Mountbatten’s reputation of being a daring and effective navy commander, he also shouldered part of the burden of the disaster at Dieppe, France, where thousands of Canadian troops lost their lives.

Question 10

Neville Chamberlain

Answer 10

• Neville Chamberlain was the British prime minister as Great Britain entered World War II. He is known for his policy of “appeasement” toward Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Germany. He was told by the King of England to either retire or he would forcefully be removed from office.

Question 11

Winston Churchill

Answer 11

• As prime minister (1940–45) during most of World War II, Winston Churchill rallied the British people and led the country from the brink of defeat to victory. He shaped Allied strategy in the war, and in the war’s later stages he alerted the West to the expansionist threat of the Soviet Union.

Question 12

Allies (1941)

Answer 12

The Allies in the beginning of WWII were Great Britain, France and the Commonwealth. When Germany invaded France they were still considered an ally but they were unable to really help out. When Germany tried to invade the Soviet Union, the U.S.S.R. reached out to the Allied forces and asked for them to help. When the Germans failed the Soviet Union joined the Allies and fought against the Nazi’s.

Question 13

August 19,1942

Answer 13

• an unsuccessful Allied amphibious attack on the German-occupied port of Dieppe in northern France

Question 14

Axis

Answer 14

• The three principal partners in the Axis alliance were Germany, Italy, and Japan. These three countries recognized German domination over most of continental Europe; Italian domination over the Mediterranean Sea; and Japanese domination over East Asia and the Pacific.

Question 15

BCATP

Answer 15

• The British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP), or Empire Air Training Scheme (EATS) often referred to as simply “The Plan”, was a massive, joint military aircrew training program created by the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, during the Second World War.

Question 16

Black Christmas

Answer 16

• On Christmas Day, following a week of bombardment and fierce fighting, the beleaguered Allied forces surrendered. It was the first time in history that a British crown colony had surrendered to an invading force. It became known as ‘Black Christmas’.

Question 17

Blitzkrieg

Answer 17

Blitzkrieg was a military tactic calculated to create psychological shock and resultant disorganization in enemy forces through the employment of surprise, speed, and superiority in matériel or firepower.

Question 18

Collaborator

Answer 18

• those who aided the Nazis

Question 19

December 7, 1941

Answer 19

• On December 7, 1941, Japanese planes attacked the United States Naval Base at Pearl Harbor , Hawaii Territory, killing more than 2,300 Americans.

Question 20

Desert War

Answer 20

The desert war was a three year campaign in the deserts of north africa for the control of valuable resources and strategic positions

Question 21

Dieppe

Answer 21

• The Dieppe raid of August 19, 1942, was a disaster. Within a few hours of landing on the French beach, almost a thousand Canadian soldiers died and twice that many were taken prisoner. Losses of aircraft and naval vessels were very high. Dieppe was a humiliation for the Allies and a tragedy for those killed, seriously wounded or taken prisoner.

Question 22

Dunkirk

Answer 22

port town in France from which a massive allied evacuation took place in may 1940, when German forces conquered France

Question 23

Enigma Machine

Answer 23

• encryption device that was used by the axis powers which was eventually decoded by the allies.

Question 24

Fortress Europe

Answer 24

a military propaganda term used by both sides of World War II which referred to the areas of Continental Europe occupied by Nazi Germany, as opposed to the United Kingdom across the Channel.

Question 25

Hurricane

Answer 25

• The Hawker Hurricane was a British single-seater monoplane fighter aircraft designed by Chief Designer Sydney Camm at Hawker Aircraft in the early 1930’s. It saw exemplary service in World War II and accounted for over 60% of the air victories in the Battle of Britain.

Question 26

June 22 1940

Answer 26

June 22, 1940, marked the signing of the armistice between Nazi Germany and France during World War II, leading to the fall of France. The armistice divided France into occupied and unoccupied zones

Question 27

Kindertransport

Answer 27

The Kindertransport was a rescue mission that took place during World War II, primarily in 1938 and 1939, in which nearly 10,000 predominantly Jewish children were evacuated from Nazi-occupied territories to the safety of Great Britain.

Question 28

Kriegsmarine

Answer 28

The Kriegsmarine was the naval branch of the German armed forces during World War II, responsible for conducting naval operations, protecting German interests at sea, and engaging in warfare on the oceans.

Question 29

Lancaster

Answer 29

was a British four-engined heavy bomber aircraft used extensively by the Royal Air Force (RAF) during World War II

Question 30

Lebensraum

Answer 30

• By 1939, Nazi Germany was ready for the next phase of Hitler’s racial program, which called for Lebensraum, or “living space,” for the Aryan race. The German invasion of Poland in September 1939 both set this quest for “race and space” in motion and began World War II in Europe.

Question 31

Luftwaffe

Answer 31

• When World War II began in 1939, the Luftwaffe was one of the most technologically advanced air forces in the world. During the Polish Campaign that triggered the war, it quickly established air superiority, and then air supremacy. It supported the German Army operations which ended the campaign in five weeks.

Question 32

Magic

Answer 32

• Operation Magic was the cryptonym given to United States efforts to break Japanese military and diplomatic codes during World War II. The United States Army Signals Intelligence Section (SIS) and the Navy Communication Special Unit worked in tandem to monitor, intercept, decode, and translate Japanese messages.

Question 33

Maginot Line

Answer 33

The Maginot Line was a vast fortification that spread along the French/German border but became a military liability when the Germans attacked France in the spring of 1940 using blitzkrieg – a tactic that completely emasculated the Maginot Line’s purpose.

Question 34

Navajo (Code Talkers)

Answer 34

:were Native American servicemen recruited by the United States Marine Corps to utilize their unwritten Navajo language as a secret code to transmit sensitive messages in the Pacific theater.

Question 35

Nazi-Soviet Pact

Answer 35

• Shortly before World War II broke out in Europe, Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union surprised the world by signing the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, in which the two countries agreed to take no military action against each other for the next 10 years.

Question 36

Operation Barbarossa

Answer 36

• Operation Barbarossa was the codename for the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union during WWII. On June 22, 1941, Germany launched its invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II, codenamed Operation Barbarossa. Nazi leader Adolf Hitler predicted a quick victory, but after initial success, the brutal campaign dragged on and eventually failed due to strategic blunders and harsh winter weather, as well as a determined Soviet resistance and attrition suffered by German forces.

Question 37

Operation Dynamo

Answer 37

• Operation Dynamo, the evacuation from Dunkirk, involved the rescue of more than 338,000 British and French soldiers from the French port of Dunkirk between 26 May and 4 June 1940. The evacuation, sometimes referred to as the Miracle of Dunkirk, was a big boost for British morale.

Question 38

Operation Retribution

Answer 38

• Operation Retribution, also known as Operation Punishment, was the April 1941 German bombing of Belgrade, the capital of Yugoslavia, in retaliation for the coup d’état that overthrew the government that had signed the Tripartite Pact. The bombing occurred in the first days of the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia during World War II. The Royal Yugoslav Army Air Force (VVKJ) had only 77 modern fighter aircraft available to defend Belgrade against the hundreds of German fighters and bombers that struck in the first wave early on 6 April.

Question 39

Operation Sea Lion

Answer 39

• Operation Sea Lion was the plan to invade the United Kingdom by Nazi Germany during World War II. The plan began in 1940. However, Germany first had to control the sky and sea of the English Channel before a land invasion. Operation Sea Lion could never have succeeded even if the forces of Operation Barbarossa had been redirected for many reasons. In order for Operation Sea Lion to have succeeded the Germans would have needed to destroy the Royal Air Force and win The Battle of Britain - which they didn’t.

Question 40

Panzer

Answer 40

• A series of battle tanks fielded by the German army in the 1930s and ’40s.

Question 41

Pearl Harbour

Answer 41

the Japanese bombing of the US naval base in Hawaii

Question 42

RAF

Answer 42

• The Royal Air Force’s (RAF) bombing offensive against Nazi Germany was one of the longest, most expensive and controversial of the Allied campaigns during the Second World War. Its aim was to severely weaken Germany’s ability to fight, which was central to the Allies’ strategy for winning the war.

Question 43

RCAF

Answer 43

• The Royal Canadian Air Force played a key role in Allied victory. Between 1939 and 1945, the Royal Canadian Air Force enlisted 232,000 men and 17,000 women and operated 86 squadrons, including 47 overseas. Canadians flew bomber, fighter, reconnaissance, transport, and other missions around the world.

Question 44

Radar

Answer 44

• Radar, which is essentially “seeing” with radio waves, found dozens of other uses in the war. It was used to aim searchlights, then to aim anti-aircraft guns. It was put on ships, where it was used to navigate at night and through fog, to locate enemy ships and aircraft, and to direct gunfire.

Question 45

Resistance

Answer 45

the name for secret, anti-Nazi groups that were formed in Europe during World War II

Question 46

Scorched earth

Answer 46

• The scorched-earth policy is a military strategy used throughout history, most notably in the European Theater, targeting anything that could prove useful for the enemy in a particular area, and destroying those assets. After the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, Soviet soldiers followed a “scorched earth” policy to hinder the German advance. In this German newsreel footage, German soldiers approach a burning village, one of many destroyed during the invasion of the Soviet Union.

Question 47

Second front

Answer 47

• Stalin demanded his allies strike at the heart of Hitler’s empire in northwest Europe

Question 48

Siberian troops

Answer 48

• The Phoney War, called “Sitzkrieg” in German, was an eight-month period at the start of World War II. No one actually attacked each other and there was no fighting on this front.

Question 49

Spitfire

Answer 49

• The Spitfire is the most famous plane of World War Two. Its groundbreaking design and superior specifications gave the British a decisive advantage fighting the Luftwaffe in the Battle of Britain. But early models were often cruelly exposed in head-to-head duels with the enemy.

Question 50

The Blitz

Answer 50

The Blitz was an intense bombing campaign undertaken by Nazi Germany against the United Kingdom during World War II. For eight months the Luftwaffe dropped bombs on London and other strategic cities across Britain.

Question 51

Tora! Tora! Tora!

Answer 51

• The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor began at 7:55 that morning. The entire attack took only one hour and 15 minutes. Captain Mitsuo Fuchida sent the code message, “Tora, Tora, Tora,” to the Japanese fleet after flying over Oahu to indicate the Americans had been caught by surprise.

Question 52

USS Arizona

Answer 52

• U.S. battleship that sank during the Japanese attack on the naval base at Pearl Harbor, Oahu island, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941

Question 53

USS Enterprise

Answer 53

• The Yorktown class aircraft carrier, the Japanese attack on the naval base at Pearl Harbor, Oahu island, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941

Question 54

USS Oklahoma

Answer 54

At the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, the USS Oklahoma (BB 37) was one of the U.S. Navy’s oldest battleships.

Question 55

Vichy France

Answer 55

• On November 10, 1942, German troops occupied Vichy France, which had previously been free of an Axis military presence. Vichy France is the common name of the French State headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II. The regime was authoritarian, xenophobic, antisemitic, corporatist and traditionalist in nature.

Question 56

Wehrmacht

Answer 56

The Wehrmacht was the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the Heer (army), the Kriegsmarine (navy) and the Luftwaffe (air force).