QUIZ 3 Flashcards

(164 cards)

1
Q

Joint operations are based around Unified action which is made of

A
  • US joint forces
  • Multinational forces
  • Intergovernmental organization
  • Private sector and others
  • NGO
  • US gov Department and agencies
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2
Q

Joint aspects of warfare include:

A
•	Traditional 
 - - Nation states fight
 - - Populace are not belligerents
 - - Results = win, lose, or stalemate
•	Irregular warfare
 - - State and non-state actors
 - - Protracted conflicts
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3
Q

Traditional principals of war + (legitimacy, perseverance, restraint) =

A

= principles of joint operations

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4
Q

Traditional principals of war

A
  • Mass
  • Objective
  • Unity of command
  • Security
  • Economy of force
  • Maneuver
  • Offensive
  • Surprise
  • Simplicity
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5
Q

The joint levels of war

A
  • Strategic - ends
  • Operational level - ways
  • Tactical level - means
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6
Q

Joint levels of wars: what are Ends (Strategic)

A

Ends: Strategic level involves national policy and theater strategy

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7
Q

Joint levels of wars: what are Ways (Operational level)

A

Ways: Operational level involves campaigns and major operations

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8
Q

Joint levels of wars: what are Means (tactical level)

A

Means: Tactical level involves battles, engagements, small unit and crew actions

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9
Q

who runs the various joint levels of war?

  • Strategic
  • Operational level
  • tactical level
A

Strategic level run by: president, sec def, CJCS, Combatant commanders
Operational level is run by Joint task force commanders, CORPS
Tactical level is run by Division, Brigades, Battalions, small units

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10
Q

What are the combatantant commands?

A
  • Africa command
  • Central command
  • Cyber command
  • European command
  • Indo-pacific command
  • Northern command
  • Southern command
  • Special operations command
  • Strategic command
  • Transportation command
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11
Q

Joint tasks forces are organized to:

A
  • Accomplish missions with specific limited objectives and which do not require centralized control of logistics.
  • JTF may have a geographical functional basis
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12
Q

what is the role of EAB med units?

A

EAB med units: provide roles of care greater than what is available organically in a BCT and or same level role of care to non-BCT units w/o organic med assets

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13
Q

EAB units: Medical Command DS: level and purpose

A

Medical Command (DS) – one per theater 2 star command

  • Regional and strategically focused
  • ID and eval health care requirements
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14
Q

EAB units: Medical Brigade (support) : level and purpose

A

Medical Brigade (support) – one per 2-6 subordinate BN or like units such as CHS or hospital center – COL command

  • C2 for all assigned and attached units
  • EAB AHS support to tactical commanders
  • Composition is METT-C driven
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15
Q

EAB units: Medical Battalion (Multifunctional) : level and purpose

A

Medical Battalion (Multifunctional) – one per 3-6 subordinate company/detachment sized unit – LTC command

  • Subordinate to MEDBDE (SPT)
  • EAB AHS support to tactical commanders
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16
Q

BSMC vs MCAS

A
  • BSMC: brigade support Medical Company
    o 8/10 medical functions (no vet or hospitalization)
    oo Role is to provide medical care to BCT
  • MCAS: medical company area support
    o 6/10 medical functions (no vet, hospitalizations, PVNT med, medlog)
    oo Role is to support/augment other elements
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17
Q

define MEDEVAC

A

MEDEVAC: multifaceted mission, accomplished by combining air and ground evac platforms under GENEVA with dedicated markings

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18
Q

Goals of MEDEVAC:

A
  • Minimize mortality
  • Continuum of care
  • Force multiplier
  • Builds morale
  • En route medical care
  • Economy of force
  • Connectivity of the AHS
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19
Q

what is CSAR:

A

CSAR: combat search and rescure

  • TTP’S performed by air force and navy to recover pax from hostile environment
  • Armed aircraft and NOT protected under Geneva convention
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20
Q

waht is CASEVAC:

A

CASEVAC: evac w nonstandard platform

- No red cross – no Geneva protection

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21
Q

what are the MEDEVAC planning considerations?

A

MEDEVAC Planning considerations

  • M: mission integration and support of ground forces (tactical support)
  • E: estimate of casualties and roles of care
  • D: dedicated assets by type, location, and capability
  • E: evacuation routes (air/ground)
  • V: verify all units understands the MEDEVAC plan
  • A: AXP, CCP, HLZ
  • C: commo plan (PACE)
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22
Q

who establishes the theater evacuation policy?

A
  • Established by the SEC DEF with advice from Joint Chief of Staff
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23
Q

what does the theater evacuation policy establish?

A
  • Establishes: length in days of max period of non-effectiveness that pts may be held w/in theater
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24
Q

intra vs inter theater evacuation?

A

Intra-theater evac – within the theater

Inter-theater evac – outside of the theater

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25
who is the approval authority for air medevac?
Evac – medical authority for launch is approved by the Surgeon cell (or PECC) – determines air or ground; Air evac requires launch authority from the TF Aviation commander – tracking mission, crew concerns, air threat, weather
26
core competencies of SOF?
- Special warfare: long duration operations in denied areas – train, advise and assist host nation and build indigenous warfighting capacity - Surgical strike: unilateral, scalable, direction action
27
what does ARSOF offer during LSCO operations?
1. Provide SOF/Indigenous intel to support maneuver 2. Integrate IO efforts with CFLCC 3. Support Population resource control efforts 4. Conduct disruption/sabotage in deep area 5. Conduct counter-SOF operations and precision strike against enemy networks
28
what are the principles of training?
- train as you fight - train to standard - train to sustain - train to maintain
29
what is the commanders role in training?
- Develop and communicate clear vision - Personally engage in training - Demand that training standards are achieved - Foster a pos training culture - Limit training distractions - Enforce top down/bottom up approach - Meld leader and Soldier training into collective tx event
30
what is the leaders role in training?
- Mentor subordinate leaders - Guide subordinate leaders - Challenge subordinate’s knowledge and skills - Develop cohesive and effective teams - Ensure quality tx occurs so that training standards are achieved - Officers: responsible for collective tx - NCO’s responsible for Soldier Tx
31
roles of leaders in training
- commanders manage training - Officers: collective training and leader training - NCO’s: Soldier training and Leader training
32
what is the TLP process?
the process planning at the company level and below
33
what are the TLP planning factors?
1. Receive the mission 2. Issue the warno 3. Make a tentative plan 4. Initiate movement 5. Conduct recon 6. Complete the plan 7. Supervise and refine
34
MDMP and TLPs common planning concepts:
1. Prepare the UTP calendar 2. Time management cycle 3. Higher unit training event 4. Unit training event 5. ID TRNG OBJ for each TRN event 6. Backward planning using C-W-R methodology 7. Consider the training environment 8. Program time for subordinate units to train
35
8 step training model:
1. Plan the training event 2. Train and certify leaders 3. Recon training sites 4. Issue the event OPORD 5. Rehearse 6. Execute the training 7. Conduct an AAR 8. Conduct retraining Do it all again
36
MDMP steps
1. Receipt of the mission a. Gather supporting references and tx resources 2. Mission analysis a. OE b. METs to train c. Tx readiness issue d. Long range planning horizon 3. COA development 4. COA analysis (war game) 5. COA comparison 6. COA approval 7. Orders production, dissemination and transition
37
Mission analysis is conducted by the unit commander to:
- Understand the guidance given by higher commander - Determine how the unit can best support guidance - Initiate collaborative and parallel planning processes w/in the command
38
Mission analysis identifies:
- The collective tasks on which a unit should focus its training
39
Analysis of training: the commander should:
- ID and understand potential OEs - Determine the METs to train - Assess the METs to train - ID the long-range planning horizon - ID training readiness issues - Conduct back brief to higher commander - Issue WARNORD
40
Operational environment: Static definition
- Operational variables needed to stimulate mission variables that are fixed through the units execution of task
41
Operational environment: dynamic definition
- Operational variables and treat TTP for assigned counter task that change in response to the execution of friendly force tasks
42
Operational environment: complex definition
- Min 4: terrain, time, military (threat), and social (population) or more operational variables
43
Operational environment: single threat
- Conventional force, irregular force, criminal element, or terrorist
44
Operational environment: Hybrid
- Diverse and dynamic combination of conventional forces, irregular force, terrorist forces and criminal elements unified to achieve mutually benefitting effects
45
what does MET stand for?
MET: Mission Essential Tasks
46
types of METs
- Specified tasks (warnord) - Implied tasks - Essential tasks
47
TOE vs TDA
- TOE units: proponent developed | - TDA units: commander develop MET
48
What is a T and EO:
document system for Army’s standards of collective tasks, provide evaluators w criteria, even planning resources etc
49
What is the long-range planning horizon?
- A long range planning horizon covers a unit’s overarching training plan over an extended time (years)
50
When developing COAs each COA must be:
- Feasible - Acceptable (worth the cost) - Suitable - Distinguishable (not similar to other COA) - Complete (no clear gaps)
51
What is a UTP calendar?
Visually defines the time available to train
52
Training tool for planners when planning UTP calander?
CATS planning tool
53
Green amber red cycle:
- Green: deployable and high level training - Amber: individual education and training, maintenance - Red: leave, down time, individual task proficiency
54
What is a training objective?
- A statement that descries the desired outcome of a training activity in the unit - Describes the purpose for each training event
55
How do you ID training objectives?
Task, conditions, standards and desired training proficiency
56
What is the gold standard for training?
Live training: field conditions using tactical equipment (gold standard)
57
What are the type of training?
- Live training - virtual training: simulators - constructive training: computer models STAFFEX
58
what are BTE and ITE?
BTE vs ITE : blended training environment vs integrated training environment BTE: unit tx concurrently w/in 2+ training environments, lacks sophisticated integrating technologies that allow different environments ITE: consistent and continuous LVC training environments to stimulate mission command info systems, uses correlated terrain database
59
The staff analyzes COAs to:
``` Identify: - major resources that require coordination possible resource shortcomings - De-conflict scheduling issues - Decisive points for the CDR ```
60
What is the best starting point to understand the resources needed to train the METS?
CATS
61
What provide additional detail regarding resource requirements to train specific collective tasks?
T and EOs
62
Common technique for COA comparison
Decision matrix – id strength and weaknesses and help ID highest probability of success
63
What is briefied in the training briefing?
- Brigade CDR training focus - Operational environment - BN training guidance - Concept of operations - - Decisive, shaping operations - Assessment plans - Key resources required to train - Training risk (time/resources to train) - Training challenges
64
Where do you get the conditions and standards for Army training?
The T and EO document
65
What are the ratings on T and EO document?
T (fully trainied): complete task proficiency T- (Trained: advanced task proficiency (80%) P (practiced): basic task proficiency (65-80%) P- (marginally practiced): limited task proficiency (51-80%) U (untrained): cannot perform task (less than 50%)
66
What should training objectives include?
Clear, measurable and achievable training objectives are essential to achieving proficiency and quality training
67
Where can you find operational environment information that can be used for building training event?
ATN army training network has info
68
Commanders should vary aspects of the training environment to enhance the training effect . what are some options for this?
- Role players - Limited visibility - Varied terrain and enemy - Unfamiliar training areas
69
How do commanders gain true assessment of capabilities?
- Tough, realistic conditions | - Commanders gain true assessment of their units ability to perform task given tough, realistic conditions
70
Where can you find ideas for the resources need for training?
CATS: combined arms training strategies and historical data are start points for identifying resources
71
What is T week?
- The week of execution | - Planners use this method to backwards plan and ensure that all resources etc are achieved at appropriate times
72
Using the Training OPORD the commander identifies?
- Tasks to be trained - Training objectives - Clear mission statement - The scope of training - How training will be conducted
73
Who is the certifying official for trainer certification?
The commander
74
Types of AARs
Formal reviews – - internal or external COC - prepare for it - scheduled Informal reviews – - internal COC - simple - held at tx site
75
what are the AAR organization techniques?
1. By chronologic order of events 2. By warfighting functions 3. By key events
76
How do commanders assess training?
- Evaluations: performance of tasks measured against established standards (TandEO) - Assessments: allow LDRS and CDRs to take into account objective and subjective nature of training and develop an overall assessment of the outcomes
77
What is H2F
H2F is an enterprise-wide system that combines all aspects of physical and non-physical human performance optimization under a single governance to enable commanders to improve Solder health and fitness for combat
78
What are the aspects of H2F (the pentagon picture)
1. Mental readiness 2. Sleep readiness 3. Nutritional readiness 4. Physical readiness 5. Spiritual readiness
79
Zones of H2F facilities
``` Zone 0 – prep/warmup area Zone 1 – resistance traing Zone 2 – accessory training Zone 3 – work capacity/agility training Rehabilitation and cognitive performance area Admin/classroom/team room ```
80
Planning defintion
Planning is the art and science of understanding a situation, envisioning a desired future, and laying out a desired way to bring that future about
81
What does planning synchronize?
Actions of forces in time, space and purpose to achieve objectives and accomplish missions
82
What is the result of planning?
Results in a Plan or Order – a directive for future action
83
A plan or order is issued by a commander to?
To Subordinates which allows them to communicate their understanding of the situation and their visualization of the operation
84
Planning is imperfect, you cannt accurately predict what people will do, so what is the point?
The process of planning results in improved situational awareness that facilitates future decision making
85
What is the object of planning? What is it not?
Not to eliminate uncertainty but to develop a framework for the action in the midst of such uncertainty
86
Effective planning includes (key components)
- Identifying decision points - Developing branch plans - sequela associated with the decisions
87
why do task-organize the force and prioritizing efforts?
- The act of configuring and operating force, support staff or sustainment package of certain size and composition to meet a unique task
88
what are the types of army planning methodologies?
- Army Design - MDMP - TLP’s
89
Army planning methodologies: Amy Design steps
- Frame an operational environment - Frame the problem - Develop operational approach to solve the problem - Develop the plan
90
Army planning methodologies: MDMP steps
- Receipt of mission - Mission analysis - COA development - COA analysis - COA approval - Orders production, dissemination and transition
91
Army planning methodologies: TLP steps
- Receive the mission - Issue the WARNO - Make a tentative plan - Initiate movement - Conduct reconnaissance - Complete the plan - Issue the plan - Supervise and refine
92
Army planning methodologies: When do you use the Army design methodology?
- Ill structured problems that are complex, non-linear and dynamic
93
Army planning methodologies: the army design methodology results in?
- Improved understanding of the OE, a problem statement, initial CDRs intent and the Operational Approach
94
Army Planning methodologies: what are TLPs used for?
- Medium and well-structure problems
95
Army Planning methodologies: what do TLPs result in?
- Effective and efficient use of available time to issue orders and execute tactical operation
96
When are TLP’s used?
- Company-level and small units – they lack staffs so they use TLPs
97
What does MDMP provide?
- Facilitates collaborative planning - Drives preparation (MVNT, IC) - Provides details for the operational approach
98
MDMP: the iterative planning methodology is used to?
- Understated the situation and mission - Develop a COA - Produce an operation plan or order
99
Medical treatment planning considerations
- What units provide role 1, role 2 - What troop med facilities are available in relation to troop concentration - Medical ROE - Security available?
100
Medical evac planning considerations
- Enemy’s most likely COA and weather - MEDEVAC running estimate - Expected areas of patient density - Available of evac resources - Road networks etc - MEDROE - Security - Lines of drift - CASEVAC augmentation
101
Who establishes the theater evacuation policy timeline?
- Established by SECDEF with recommendation by theater CDR
102
Where does time start with the theater evacuation policy?
- Time starts at the role 3
103
What is the theater evacuation policy?
- Establishes the length in days of the maximum period of non-effectiveness (hospitalization and convalescence) that patients may be held w/in theater for tx
104
MDMP step 1: receipt of mission | Purpose of receipt of mission step
- Alerts all participants of pending planning requirements - Enables staff to determine time requirements and planning approach - Informs CDR to proceed with ADM or abbreviate MDMP
105
When do commanders initiate MDMP?
- Upon receipt or in anticipation of MDMP
106
Receipt of mission process:
- Alert the staff and key participants - Gather tools - Update running estimates - Conduct initial assessment - Issue CDRs internal guidance - Issue warno
107
What is a “running estimate”?
- The continuous assessment of the current situation used to determine the current operation is proceeding according to the CDRs intent and if planned future operations are supportable
108
What are some elements of running estimate?
- Friendly status - TASK (specified, implied, essential) - Facts - Assumptions - Risk - Constraints/shortfalls - RFIs - Recommendations - Enemy Capabilities - Civil considerations
109
What determines the detail in which the commander and staff can plain?
- Time (1/3, 2/3 rule)
110
what at a minimum needs to be in the WARNORD?
- Type of operation - General location - Initial timeline - Movement or information collection to initiate
111
Purpose of mission analysis:
- Since no amount of subsequent planning can solve an insufficiently understood problem, mission analysis is the most important step in MDMP
112
Mission analysis guides us to:
- Better understand the situation and problem - ID what command must accomplish - Determine where and when it must be done - The WHY of the mission
113
Mission analysis: input
- Higher HQ plan/order - Higher HQ intelligence and knowledge products - Knowledge products from other organizations - Updated running estimates - Design concept (if design precedes mission analysis)
114
Mission analysis: process
- Analyze HQ plan/order - Perform IPB determine specified, implied, essential tasks - Review assets/constraints - Id critical facts and assumptions - Risk management - CCIR and EEFIs - Develop initial themes and messages - Purpose problem statement - Mission statement - CDRs intent - COA - WARNO
115
Mission analysis: output
- Approved problem statement - Approved mission statement - Initial CDR intent - Initial CCIRs and EEFIs - Commanders planning guidance - Updated IPB products and running estimates - Assumptions - COA evaluation criteria - WARNO 2 i dont know about you but this brings back really bad memories
116
What is IPB?
- Intelligence preparation of the battlefield
117
What is the purpose of IPB
- Id critical gaps in CDRs knowledge of OE | - Collaboration with other staff sections
118
IPB collaboration with the staff will result in (products):
- Initial PIR - Complete MCOO - List HVTs - Event template and matrices
119
IPB process
- define the OE - describe the environmental effects of the operation - evaluate the threat - determine the COA
120
What is MCOO?
- Modified Combined Obstacle Overlay – natural and manmade obstacles
121
Cyberspace network identifiers
- Red: enemy/adversary network - Grey: neutral network - Blue: friendly force network
122
Where are specified tasks found?
- Primarily found it Paragraph 2 and 3 of higher orders | - Some are in paragraph 4 and 5 and also some in the annexes
123
Essential tasks are:
- Always included in the units mission statement - Can be specified or implied - No fail requirement
124
BPT vs O/O mission?
BPT: be prepared to - generally a contingency O/O: on orders - mission at an unspecified time, has a trigger
125
What is a constraint?
- A restriction placed on the CDR by higher command | - Will dictate action or inaction thus restriction freedom of action
126
Where are constraints found in the OPORD?
- Paragraph 3 and the annexes | - May also be verbal
127
Facts vs assumptions
- Facts don’t care about feeling; JK keep reading - Fact: statement of truth concerning operational and mission variables - Assumption: supposition of current/future events – assumed to be true
128
Categories of assumptions
- Credible assumptions – should guide feelings - Uncertain assumptions – should be researched further - Vulnerable assumptions – should be reconsidered
129
How is the risk assessment documented?
- Recorded on DD 2977
130
Who is responsible for making the risk assessment?
- Each staff produces the risk assessment associated w their WfF - the CDR is overall responsible for assuming the risk
131
characteristics of CCIR and EEFI?
- Specified by CDR for a specific operation - Applies only to the CDR who specifies it - Time sensitive and will change with conditions
132
What is ICP?
- Information collection plan | - sets reconnaissance, surveillance and intelligence operations in motion
133
Where is the ICP located in the OPORD?
- Annex L
134
Who is responsible for the ICP?
- S3 is responsible for the plan | - S2 is responsible for management tools
135
What is a proposed mission statement?
developed by the COS or XO - 1 or more essential tasks that focus the what and the why - Will include a verb (tactical task)
136
What is the purpose of the mission analysis briefing?
- Informs the CDR fo the results of the staff’s analysis of the situation - The staff builds a shared understanding which enables the CDR to provide guidance for the COA development
137
What are the 8 steps to COA development process?
- Assess relative combat power - Generate options - Array forces - Develop broad concept - Assign hq - Prepare COA statements and sketches - Conduct COA briefing - Select or modify COAs for continued analysis
138
COA development process: statements vs sketches
- Statement: HOW the unit will accomplish mission – brief expression of how combat arms concept will be conducted o Describes the mission, intent, decisive operation, shaping operation and sustaining operations - Sketch: picture of the movement and maneuver aspects of the concept – including position of forces
139
AHS concept of support (COS) should include
- Maneuver plan - HSS/FHP assets available - Statement and sketch - 10 medical functions - Time distance analysis (air/ground) - Casualty estimate - Shortfalls
140
Medical combat power is a combination of?
- Treatment capacity - Evac capacity - FHP (fore health protection)
141
What is war-gaming?
- A disciplined process with rules and steps that allows staffs to visualize and analyze the operation – conducted by phases
142
COA analysis war gaming should review?
- Friendly, enemy, and civilian | - Action; Reaction; Counteraction
143
What is the 8 step process of coa analysis?
- Gather tools - List friendly forces - List assumptions - List known critical events and decision points - Select war-gaming method - Select technique to record and display results - War-game the operation and assess the results - Conduct a war-game briefing (optional)
144
What are critical events? What do they include?
- Events that directly influence mission accomplishment | - Include trigger events, significant actions or decisions, complicated actions that require study, and essential tasks
145
What are decision points?
- Points in space and time when the commander or staff anticipates making a key decision concerning a specific COA
146
What are the war-gaming methods?
- Belt (preferred):looks at belts, correlates with time - Avenue-in-depth: focuses on avenue of approach begins with decisive operation - Box: detailed analysis of critical area (time restricted planning)
147
What are the common types of recording results of war-gaming (action 6 of coa analysis)
- Synchronization matrix: allow staff to synchronize the coa across time, space and purpose - Sketch note: uses brief notes concerning critical locations or task and purpose
148
What is the MC technique for comparing COAs?
- Decision matrix
149
How does a decision matrix work for coa comparison?
- Criteria are assigned, weights are assigned to the criteria - Weights are determined by COS or XO - Each COA is assessed - Lowest number wins
150
Besides having the lowest number on the decision matrix COA must also be?
- Feasible
151
What is the next step after decision brief approval?
- WARNO – updated with the new plan
152
Difference between reconciliation and crosswalk?
- Reconciliation: makes sure the order agrees with itself, ds discrepancies or gaps - Crosswalk: makes sure the plan works with higher HQs order – ids discrepancies or gaps
153
Final action in the “plan and order development” process?
- Approval by commander
154
What happens after plan is approved by CDR?
- Once approval is reached, it is disseminated. Subordinates acknowledge receipt and conduct confirmation briefing.
155
Which annexes are medical planners responsible for?
- Annex E (protection) and Annex F (sustainment)
156
how are command posts organized?
- command post cell - functional cell: within the CP, has the WFF in it - integration cells: organized by planning horizon
157
how are the staffs structured?
``` coordinating staff (G/S shops) special staff (air, EO etc) personal staff (surgeon, Chaplin etc) ```
158
what are the rehearsal types?
- confirmation brief - back brief (MDMP process) - combine arms rehearsal (maneuver units) - support rehearsal (one or more related systems) - battle drill/SOP rehearsal: ensure all elements understand
159
what are the rehersal types?
one or more of these: - full dress - key leader - terrain model - sketch map - map - network
160
when do you develop a FRAGORD?
when there is a change in the OPORD
161
what is RDSP?
rapid decision-making synchronization process
162
what are the RDSP steps
(rapid decision-making synchronization process) - unexpected opportunity/ID variance (variation of the plan) - develop a response - refine and validate - implement - execution - end state
163
what are the basic principles of LOAC (law of armed conflict)
military necessity unnecessary suffering or humanity discrimination or distinction proportionality
164
what are the sources of the law of armed conflict?
the Geneva convention the Hague convention other international treaties