Quiz 3

Question 1

Collects first star catalogue, considered the greatest astronomical observer using Babylonian star records and accurate models of the motion of the sun and moon. Developed trigonometry

Answer 1

Hipparchus

Question 2

Assigned magnitude of 1-2 brightest stars (metal plate), and divided visible stars into six magnitude classes

Answer 2

Hipparchus making the first determinations of stellar magnitude

Question 3

System expanded and improved, still the basis of techniques used today

Answer 3

Parsons ratio

Question 4

Observed from earth, negative is brightest

Answer 4

Apparent brightness

Question 5

NGC 224, spiral 2.5m ly away from earth, trillion stars, Milky Way mass. Black hole nuclear 3-5 x 10^7. Moving to MW at 301 km/s. Will collide in 3.75 b years

Answer 5

M31 in andromeda

Question 6

Three parts: disk, nuclear bulge, globular clouds

Answer 6

Spiral galaxy

Question 7

20%, m31, Milky Way, m 33. type of galaxy. Subdivide to barred and regular

Answer 7

Spiral galaxy

Question 8

Type of galaxy, 55%

Answer 8

Elliptical

Question 9

Type of galaxy, 25% Small Magellanic Cloud

Answer 9

Irregular

Question 10

Demonstrated universe was expanding

Answer 10

Hubble and humason

Question 11

Observed the effects of dark matter in galaxy clusters

Answer 11

Zwicky

Question 12

Supply verification of dark tater with galactic rotation curve

Answer 12

Vera Rubin and Kent ford

Question 13

Should decrease as a function of radius but doesn’t

Answer 13

Galactic rotation

Question 14

Additional source of gravity around galaxies that don’t make light. has to be taken into account when determining mass

Answer 14

Dark matter

Question 15

Expanding and accelerating. Led to noble peace prize and the rehabilitation of Einstein’s cosmological constant

Answer 15

Universe

Question 16

Method of categorizing galaxies, elliptical/irregular to spirals. Not evolutionary. Discovered by Hubble

Answer 16

Tuning fork

Question 17

Stars and gas orbit in an overall gravitational field, while stars in Ellipticals orbit to maintain shape.

Answer 17

Orbiting

Question 18

Orbit to maintain shape, center has a supermassive black hole. Hot gas

Answer 18

Elliptical

Question 19

Cold gas, supermassive black hole

Answer 19

Spiral

Question 20

Can help find distances in our galaxy to other galaxies. Bound collections of up to a million stars. Luminous and can be seen at great distances. Medium black hole centers. Very old stars.

Answer 20

Globular cluster

Question 21

Uses up hydrogen, shows age

Answer 21

Main sequence turn off

Question 22

Used globular clusters to find the size of our galaxy and observed our sun isn’t near the center.

Answer 22

Shapley

Question 23

Specifies each point on a plane by two coordinates

Answer 23

Cartesian coordinate system

Question 24

Distance from the y axis is scaled with the x axis

Answer 24

Abscissa

Question 25

The y coordinate

Answer 25

Ordinate

Question 26

System of gas, dust, stars with their solar systems

Answer 26

Galaxy

Question 27

All points of a moving body moving in the same direction

Answer 27

Translational motion

Question 28

All points of an object circle around an axis

Answer 28

Rotational motion

Question 29

The squares of the orbital periods of the planets are directly proportional to the cubes of the semi major axes of their orbits

Answer 29

Keplers third law

Question 30

Astronomical objects that make up the rungs of the cosmic distance ladder: tool for measuring distances. Made of cepheids

Answer 30

Standard candle

Question 31

Astronomical method for measuring distances to stars. Applied to any main sequence star a spectrum can be recorded for, doesn’t rely on parallax

Answer 31

Spectroscopic parallax

Question 32

First to realize the Milky Way galaxy was larger than believed, took photographs and observed globular clusters, compact spheres composed of many thousands of stars

Answer 32

Harlow Shapley

Question 33

Studied solar eclipses, argued there were galaxies outside the Milky Way. Debated with Shapley over the size of the universe

Answer 33

Heber Curtis