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DPT 500 > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Somatosensory pathways process information about what?

A

somatic sensations - pain, temperature, touch, proprioception & vibration

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2
Q

dorsal column/medial lemniscus pathway

A

light touch & conscious proprioception

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3
Q

anterolateral column/spinothalamic tract

A

discrimintive (fast) nocioception & temperature & crude touch

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4
Q

what is light touch?

A

the localization of touch & vibration & the ability to discriminate between two closely space points touching the skin

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5
Q

light touch is sensed by what? and what are they called?

A

mechanoreceptors

merkel disks & meisner corpuscles in the upper dermis

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6
Q

what is conscious proprioception?

A

the awareness of the movements & relative position of body parts

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7
Q

conscious proprioception is sensed by what? and where are they?

A

mechanoreceptors

muscles (muscle spindles), tendon/muscle junctions (golgi tendons), & deep dermis (ruffini endings)

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8
Q

pathway for light touch & conscious proprioception – upper limb

A

1st order: travels in fasciculus cuneatus & synapses in nucleus cuneatus in medulla

2nd order: axons travel in medial lemniscus to thalamus

3rd order: neuron conveys information from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory cortex

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9
Q

pathway for light touch & conscious proprioception – lower limb and trunk

A

1st order: travels in fasciculus gracilis & synapses in nucleus gracilis in medulla

2nd order: axons travel in medial lemniscus to thalamus

3rd order: neuron conveys information from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory cortex

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10
Q

primary somatosensory cortex receives what?

A

somatotopically organized information & discriminates the size, texture, & shape of objects

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11
Q

secondary somatosensory cortex analyzes what? and provides what?

A

analyzes information from the primary sensory area & the thalamus

provides stereognosis & memory of the tactile & spatial environment

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12
Q

what is homunculus?

A

a map developed by recording the responses of awake individuals during surgery

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13
Q

lesions BELOW decussation in medulla results in what?

A

ipsilateral loss of sensation

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14
Q

lesions ABOVE decussation in medulla results in what?

A

contralateral loss of sensation

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15
Q

fast nociception / temperature / crude touch pathway – from the body

A

1st order: dorsal root ganglion

2nd order: dorsal horn of spinal cord

3rd order: VPL nucleus of thalamus

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16
Q

fast nociception / temperature / crude touch pathway – from the face

A

1st order: trigeminal ganglion

2nd order: spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve

3rd order: VPM nucleus of thalamus

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17
Q

what does the cerebellum do?

A

adjusts posture and coordinates movement

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18
Q

cerebellum & spinocerebellar pathways integrate intended movement information from the frontal lobe with sensory information from:

A

vestibular receptors
proprioceptors
motor areas in brainstem & ventral horn of spinal cord

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19
Q

the cerebellum can be divided vertically into 3 functional regions:

A

vermis
paravermis
lateral hemispheres

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20
Q

what is the functional name of the vermis & paravermal region of the cerebellum?

A

spinocerebellum

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21
Q

spinocerebellum receives sensory information to do what?

A

make anticipatory & corrective & responsive adjustments to movement

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22
Q

what are the 2 general types of spinocerebellar pathways?

A
  1. high-fidelity pathways
  2. internal feedback tracts
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23
Q

what do the high-fidelity pathways do?

A

deliver information from peripheral receptors in muscles, tendons, & joints to cerebellum

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24
Q

what do the internal feedback tracts do?

A

provide information about spinal interneurons & descending motor tracts to cerebellum

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25
what are the two high-fidelity pathways?
1. posterior spinocerebellar pathways 2. cuneocerebellar pathway
26
what does the posterior spinocerebellar pathway do?
transmits proprioceptive information from the lower limb and the lower trunk to the cerebellum
27
order of posterior spinocerebellar pathway:
1st order: (cell body in DRG, peripheral receptor in lower limb/lower trunk) synapses in nucleus dorsalis of lumbar spinal cord 2nd order: axons form the posterior spinocerebellar tract that travels ipsilaterally through inferior cerebellar peduncle to cerebellar cortex
28
what does the cuneocerebellar pathway do?
Transmits proprioceptive information from from proprioceptors in the neck, upper limb, and upper half of the trunk
29
order of cuneocerebellar pathways:
1st order: neuron (cell body in DRG, peripheral receptor in upper limb) travels in dorsal columns and synapses in lateral cuneate nucleus of the lower medulla 2nd order: axons form the cuneocerebellar tract and ascend the medulla, then travel in the inferior cerebellar peduncle to the ipsilateral cerebellar cortex
30
what are the 2 internal feedback tracts?
1. anterior spinocerebellar tracts 2. rostrospinocerebellar tracts
31
what does the anterior spinocerebellar tract?
Transmits information from the thoracolumbar gray matter
32
in the spinocerebellar tract the axons decussate & ascend where?
in the contralateral anterior spinocerebellar tract to the midbrain
33
spinocerebellar tract divides in ________: some _______ others remain __________
midbrain decussate ipsilateral
34
spinocerebellar tract enters cerebellum via what?
superior cerebellar peduncles
35
each cerebellar hemisphere receives info from both sides of where?
the lower body
36
what does the rostrospinocerebellar tract do?
Transmits information from the cervical spinal cord and T1 to the ipsilateral cerebellum
37
rostrospinocerebellar tract enters the cerebellum via where?
the inferior and superior cerebellar peduncles
38
medial motor tracts
1. reticulospinal tract 2. medial corticospinal tract 3. medial vestibulospinal tract 4. lateral vestibulospinal tract
39
lateral motor tracts
1. rubrospinal tract 2. lateral corticospinal tract
40
pyramidal tracts originate where?
the motor cortex
41
what do pyramidal tracts do?
carry motor fibers to the spinal cord & brainstem
42
what are pyramidal tracts responsible for?
the voluntary control of the skeletal muscles of the body and face
43
extrapyramidal tracts originate where ?
the brainstem
44
what do extrapyramidal tracts do?
carry motor fibers to the spinal cord
45
what are extrapyramidal tracts responsible for?
the involuntary and automatic control of muscle tone, balance, posture and modulation of motor plans
46
what do medial motor tracts do?
controls posture and gross movements that usually occurs automatically, without conscious effort
47
what are the three tracts of the medial motor tract?
1. reticulospinal tract 2. medial & lateral vestibulospinal tracts 3. medial corticospinal tract
48
medial corticospinal tract facilitates motor neurons to:
neck, shoulder & trunk muscles
49
reticulospinal tract facilitates motor neurons to:
bilateral postural muscles & gross limb movement muscles of entire body
50
lateral vestibulospinal tract facilitates motor neurons to:
postural muscles
51
medial vestibulospinal tract facilitates motor neurons to:
neck
52
what is fractionation?
the ability to activate individual muscles independently of other muscles
53
Two MTs that descend the lateral spinal cord and synapse with laterally located lower MN pools in ventral horn:
1. rubrospinal 2. lateral corticospinal
54
rubrospinal tract has minor contribution to what?
the control of upper limb flexor muscles in adults
55
rubrospinal tract arises in what?
the red nucleus of the midbrain, where the axons decussate before descending to synapse on contralateral MNs innervating wrist and finger flexors
56
rubrospinal tract is where?
upper motor neuron in red nucleus
57
lateral corticospinal tract is where?
upper motor neuron in motor cortex
58
lateral corticospinal tract fractionates how?
by activating inhibitory neurons to prevent unwanted muscles from contracting
59
what is the most important pathway for controlling voluntary movement of limbs?
lateral corticospinal tract
60
in the lateral corticospinal tract where do most fibers decussate?
in pyramids of medulla (pyramidal decussation)
61
Paths of corticospinal tracts are in the what?
brain
62
Corticospinal neuron cell bodies are in the what?
cerebral cortex
63
the corticospinal tract axons travel through the:
1. corona radiata 2. internal capsule 3. cerebral peduncles 4. anterior pons 5. medullary pyramids (most fibers decussate here) 6. spinal cord

DPT 500 (11 decks)

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