Quiz 3 Flashcards
(24 cards)
the nervous system
responsible for monitoring our body’s state.
conducting messages FROM our senses and organs TO the organs and muscles through nerves
central nervous sytem
consists of spinal cord and brain
peripheral nervous system
consists of 12 cranial nerves and 31 spinal nerves
nerves interact with the CNS
brainstem
regulates INVOLUNTARY FUNCTIONS (e.g. breathing and heart rate)
medulla oblongata
pons
thalmus
midbrain
spinal cord
transmits impulses between the brain and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
cerebellum
motor functions, language processing
higher order cognitive and emotional functions
executive functioning- working memory, attention, affect or emotion,
information travels from the upper part of the brain to the cerebellum and back again.
cerebrum
largest part of the brain; right and left hemispheres.
contralateral sensory and motor functions.
nerves cross to opposite side of body.
cerebral hemispheres
right and left hemispheres- symmetrical for most functions
asymmetrical for language–> left hemisphere is more highly involved in processing and production
each hemisphere consists of:
white fibrous connective tracts covered by gray cortex of nerve cell bodies.
there are 3 types- association, projection and transverse fibers
association fibers
run between different areas within each hemisphere
projection fibers
connect the cortex to the brainstem and below
transverse fibers
connect the 2 hemispheres; largest is the corpus callosum
cerebral cortex
appears to be wrinkled-like because of gyri (hills) and sulci (valleys)
each hemisphere is divided into 4 lobes: frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital
frontal lobe
makes sense of information for decision making
responsible for behavioral traits
important for language production
frontal association area
pre frontal cortex:
executive functions- skills/tools to complete a specific task
synthesis of sensory and motor information
motor cortex
controls motor movements –> voluntary movements
temporal lobe
decodes auditory information
important for language comprehension
occipital lobe
decodes visual information–> reading, ASL, nonlinguistic cues, schemas
parietal lobe
decodes information from our senses
monitors relative position of our body and limbs (autistic ppl struggle with this)
paralinguistic cues
central sulcus
separates frontal lobe from parietal lobe
sensory info
primary motor cortex
2 centimeter wide strip that controls voluntary movements
the finer the movements the larger the cortical area designated for it
gross- big mvmts
fine-small mvmts
right hemisphere
holistic processing (bigger picture) and visuospatial processing (whats going on around us)- recognition and perception of faces, pictures, recognizes printed words but has difficulty decoding
extralinguistic aspects of communication-speech prosody and affect, metaphorical language and semantics
comprehension of complex linguistic- things that are ambiguous or not straightforward; sarcasm, jokes, etc.
pragmatics- the perception and expression of emotion in language, ability to understand jokes, irony, and figurative language, and ability to produce and comprehend coherent discourse
left hemisphere
mechanics of language production and comprehension
dominant for control of speech and non-speech related oral movements
specialized for language in all modalities- speaking, listening, reading and writing
linear order perception- arithmetic calculations and logical reasoning
adept at perceiving rapidly acoustic characteristics of phonemes in speech - almost all right handers and 60% of left handers are left hemisphere dominant for language
language comprehension and production is …
DYNAMIC- not sequential
