quiz 3

Question 1

anterograde labeling method and its uses

Answer 1

labeling leaving a brain region

Question 2

retrograde labeling method and its uses

Answer 2

activity going into a brain region
* inputs to a brain region

Question 3

5 step histological method

Answer 3

1. kill
2. fix -> destroy autolytic enzymes -> formalin
3. slice -> microtome -> freeze then slice
4. stain -> taken up by cell body, not by axons or dendrites
5. examine -> electron microscopy

Question 4

uses of microelectrodes

Answer 4

single cell recording, either extracellular or intracellular
* measure voltage change between electrode and ground

Question 5

uses of macroelectrodes

Answer 5

thousands of cells, insert in brain or applied to scalp surface
* localize spike zones in epileptic patiens

Question 6

experimental ablation

Answer 6

infer the necessity of a brain region
* oldest method in neuroscience

Question 7

*rationale for lesion studies

Answer 7

to follow the changes in brain/behavior issues
* but can damage an axon that are just passing by which can have an affect on a distant neural structure

Question 8

excitotoxic lesions

Answer 8

tickle the cell to death and spares axons passing by

Question 8

*sham-lesions and their purpose

Answer 8

this is the control group during a lession experiment

Question 9

*MRI Scans and their properties, functions, strengths and weaknesses

Answer 9

magnetic resonance imaging has the best spatial resolution, poor temporal resolution caused by sluggish blood flow

Question 10

*fMRI Scans and their properties, functions, strengths and weaknesses

Answer 10

functional magnetic resonance imaging reports “activity” of brain region through blood flow (indirect)

Question 11

*temporal and spatial resolution relative to different brain scans

Answer 11

MRI (+fMRI) = best spatial, worst temporal
EEG = worst spatial, best temporal
MEG = moderate spatial, best temporal

Question 12

*inverse and conductivity issues relative to different brain scans

Answer 12

conductivity problem: all the meninges are poor electro conductors

inverse problem: infinite of ways you can get the signal on the EEG

Question 13

*blood flow issues relative to brain scans

Answer 13

blood flow is very sluggish/slow but it targets which area of the brain is being activated

Question 14

*neuromagnetometer