Quiz 3 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Childhood Apraxia of speech
deficit in motor planning and programming of movement gestures for speech production
Features of CAS
vowel & consonant distortions, inconsistent voicing errors, prosodic errors, imprecise movement transitions groping and/or trial error behavior
Assessment of CAS
-Motor speech examination is the most important
-consider developmental Hx and medical Hx
-Language sample
-behavioral observations
-language & cognition assessment
-test of articulation/phonology
-oral mech
Treatment of CAS
- more frequent, shorter sessions
- focus on movement rather than sound
- incorporate principles of motor learning
- articulatory, tactile/gestural, prosodic, augmentative device
Cerebral Palsy
non-progressive disorder of motor control caused by damage to the brain during, pre- and post- natal periods
Spastic CP, types
rigidness of muscles
hemiplegia: upper lower limbs on one side
Paraplegia: lower limbs and tourso
Diplegia: upper and lower but lower is more affected
Quadriplegia: all limbs equally impacted
Dyskinesia CP
involuntary muscle movements, imprecise voluntary movements
Ataxia CP
loss of muscle coordination and control
Spasticity Speech Patterns
inadequate breath support, harsh voice, hyper nasal, imprecise consonant & vowel production
Dyskinesia Speech
rapid irregular breath or reverse breathing, strained voice, hyper nasality, imprecise vowel & consonant productions
Ataxia Speech
lack of expiratory control, harsh voice, imprecise productions of vowels & consonants
Assessment of CP
- In addition to respiration, phonatory, resonatory and articulation analysis
- cognition
- audiological eval
- emotional behavior
- feeding/eating
- language competence
- Pre-speech skills and abilities (head control, feeding, babbling)
Treatment of CP
-consonants produced correct in one place but not the other should be targeted first
-distortions should be treated before substitutions
- use a multiple auditory-visual stimulation approach
-some children may not be able to achieve typical articulation of all sounds, resonable compensation should be the goal
Cleft lip/palate
most prevalent birth defect in the US, from genetic factors, environmental factors or embryological development
Cleft Palate Speech
atypical consonant production, abnormal nasal resonance, abnormal nasal airflow, altered laryngeal voice quality, nasal/facial grimaces
Assessment of Cleft Palate
- language testing
- audiometric evaluation
- nasal emission test
- hyper nasality test
- hypo nasality test
- phonation test
- standardized speech assessment
Treatment of Cleft Palate
-promote a more forward place of articulation
- improve velopharyngeal valve function
- modify compensatory articulations
- traditional motor approach (articulation)
- if there is a phonological error/disorder, treat that as well
Down Syndrome
Range of mental deficits mild to severe, greater language abilities linked to early intervention and exposure to rich language environments
Speech associated with Down Syndrome
inconsistent articulation errors, stuttering is common, receptive language is more intact than expressive language
Assessment of Down Syndrome
- articulation test
- spontaneous speech sample
- oro-mech exam
- hearing acuity and middle ear function
- language
- assessment of environment
Treatment of Down Syndrome
-cycles approach
-use over learned scripts
-train in natural environment
-early intervention
-follow developmental guidelines
-concentrate more on overall intelligibility rather than individual sounds
-direct activities in daily routine
-short repetitive and reinforced activities
-traditional motor approach WOULD NOT be valuable
