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Bio LEC 94 > QUIZ 3 > Flashcards

QUIZ 3 Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Animals evolved ____ my from ____

A

800 my from single-cell eukaryotes

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2
Q

Eukaryotes include protists who are:

A
  • Amebozoa
  • Choanoflagellates
  • Excavata
  • Algae
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3
Q

METOZOANS=

A

ANIMALS

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4
Q

WHAT TYPIFIES AN ANIMAL?

A
  • MULTICELLULAR CHEMOORGANOHETEROTROPHY
  • LACK CELL WALLS
  • TRUE TISSUES (ECTO, MESO, ENDO)
  • ECM (PROTEINS+POLYSACCHARIDES)= CELL ADHESION & COMMUNICATION
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5
Q

PORIFERA= SPONGES LACK

A

TRUE TISSUE BUT ARE MULTICELLULAR

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6
Q

ANIMAL ANCESTOR IS?

A

CHOANOFLAGELLATES
- Belong Opisthokonta: fungi, animals, and them.
- protists (single cell or colonies)

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7
Q
A
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8
Q

Porifera

A
  • No true tissue
  • Clusters of cells
  • Sessile
  • suspension feeders
    Phylum= Animalia
    Thrive in low Oxygen
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9
Q

Diploplasty

A
  • Next step in evolution ( after Ponifera= cluster cells)
  • Ecto and Endo dermis
    Includes: Ctenophora (comb jellies)
    Cnidaria ( jellyfish and corals)
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10
Q

Ctenophora

A

Comb jellies
Nerves
Cilia for motion
Predators

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11
Q

When did animals evolved?

A

510 my cambrian

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12
Q

Cambrian Explosion

A

Simultaneous appearance of metozoan phyla in fossil record (metoroans evolved before
cambrian but until expl osion fossils became carbon actions = fossilizable

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13
Q
A
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14
Q

Contributor to cambrian
Explosion

A
  • Free oxygen (cyanobacteria and algae )
  • New niches ( larger animals =new biotic niches → parasites on parrows)
  • Coevolution ( Antagonistic= larger bodies and skeletazation)
  • HOX genes
    1) Homeotic genes= Fate of group of cells
    2) Homeosis= changing location of
    structure= body plan modified
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15
Q

Deep Homology
occurs when convergent
evolution of traits involves

A

Homologous
tool-kit genes

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16
Q
A
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17
Q

Tool-kit genes
are

A

Developmental genes that establish body plan by duplication and
divergence
(regulation of timing of strenght of gene expression)

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18
Q

Opisthokonts

A

Clade of heterotrophic
organisms that i include fungi, ponifera
animals

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19
Q

Paedomorphis

A

Organism retains juvenile traits
into adult version → Dog , juvenile wolf)

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20
Q

Peramorphosis

A

Organism development is extended beyond en point ancestors = exaggerated /extended adult
traits

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21
Q

Cnidaria

A

Jellyfish and corals
-Diploblast
- HOX genes
Nerves and muscle
Radially symmetrical
Mutualist w/ protists = protists leave they
die

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22
Q

Homeosis

A

Body plan is modified ( change location of body
parts)

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23
Q

Tripoblasty

A

3rd step in animalia
evol.
- Ecto = epidermis and N.S
- EndO = lining digestive tract
_ mesoderm: muscle and organs

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24
Q

Metozoans have =

A

Coelom , bilateral symmetry

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25
Protostomes=
2 radiations 1) Lopho tro cho zoan = Platy hel minthes , Annelida and Mollusca 2) Ecdysozoa = Arthropodd Tube within tube"
26
27
28
HeterochronY
Change in timing of developmental steps
29
Evo- Devo
Study how embryos develop and how changes in development impact evolution.
30
Molluska
Protostone → Lophotrocho2od - Foot muscular - visceral mass - Mantle - Radula (feeding structure)
31
Subclades of Molluska
- Bivalvia= clams & oyster - Gastropod0= Snail & slug - Cephalopoda= Octupusa squid
32
Aposematism
Physical trait that organisms display to avoid predation → slugs= eat toxic sponges= bright colors → Fungi =red color= toxin
33
Batesian Mimicry
Exhibit non-toxic aposematism
34
Mimicry
One specie evolves to reassemble another
35
Ecdysozoa
2nd radiation of protostomes (lophotrochozoa & them) +Molting +cuticle/ exoskeleton includes: -nematoda -tardigrada -onychophora -arthropoda
36
Nematoda
protostomes--> ecdysozoa--->nematoda (round worms) +pseudocoelomate +no segmentation +wet places +scavangers, parasites, and detrivores.
37
arthropoda
protostomes-->ecdyzoans--> arthropoda +jointed limbs +segmented bodies--> hox genes +exoskeleton
38
hemimetatabolous
incomplete metamorphosis nymphs reseamble adults but smaller
39
holometabolous
complete metamorphosis in each stage it looks different larva-->pupal-->adult
40
segmantation is result of
convergent evolution and homology
41
crustacea
protostomes-->Ecdysozoa--> arthropoda--> crustacea +coelomate +varying tagmata +all feeding strategies
43
chelicerata
arthropoda-->chelicerata spiders and scorpions +multiple legs
44
insecta
arthropodos-->crustacea--> insecta +walking legs, antenneae, eyes, wings.
45
insects
flight 380 mya atypical dispersal=speciation coevolution w/ angiosperms radition mouth parts: chewing, piercing-sucking, siphoning, sponging
46
bivalvia
lophotrochozoa-->mollusca-->bivalvia clams, oysters & mussels gills, eyes, shell scavangers (no radula) sessile
47
gastropoda
lophotrochozoa--> mollusca--> gastropoda "belly feet" snails and slugs radula, shells and vision, muscular foot.
48
cephalopoda
"head feet" squid and octupus brain, eyes, appendages, radula
49
Deuterostomes
animals-->bilaterians-->deuterostomes ANUS FIRST (protostomes mouth first) two phylums: - echinodermata -chordata
50
echinodermata
seastars +vascular system involved in: -respiration -circulation -movement -prey capture
51
chordata
BIG 4 CHORDATE TRAITS 1) PHARYNGEAL SLITS 2) NERVE CORD (DORSAL) 3) NOTOCHORD (ALONG BODY) 4) POST-ANAL TAIL VERTABRATES VS. INVERTABRATES
52
INVERTABRATES
ANIMALS--> BILATERIANS--> DEUTEROSTOMES--> CHORDATA--> INVERTABRATES CEPHALOCHORDATES: LANCELET
53
VERTEBRATES
ANIMALIA--DEUTEROUSTOMES-- CHORDATES-- VERTABRATES three part braim and vertabrate sensory structures --> hangfish, lampreys, shark, BONY FISH, AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, MAMMALS
54
1ST to develop jaws
placoderms
55
coelacanths
walk on bottom ocean with muscular fins
56
bony endoskeleton
mesodermanal origin next step evolution
57
actinopterygii
ray-finned fish= ossified skeleton lungs=swim bladder
58
tetrapods
vertebrates with two sets of limbs containing digits
59
late devonian tetrapods
amphibia (370 mya) carboniferous climate= warm and humid
60
amniotic egg
amniote=vertabrate that produces eggs. 4 membranes - allantois: contains waste - amnion: contains embryo - yolk sac: contains nutrients - albumen: water and mechanical support
61
amniote skull patterns
- anapsis: no whole for muscle attachment - synapsid: one fenestra - diapsid: two fenestre
62
amniote radiation
paleozoic: synapsis dominant land vertabrates
63
amniote raditon
dry mesozoic water conservation: uric acid and glandless skin
64
dinosaurs
dominant mesozoic diapsids on land 80% wiped ou during cretaceous-paleogene but maniraptors (coelosauria)
65
feathers
endothermy + other adaptations: loss teeth, hollow bones, and fewer.
66
reptiles
survivors of k/p extintion
67
mammal adaptations
lactation + placenta (enviromental stability, protection, mobility)
68
mammalia (class)
hair/fur mammary glands 1) monotremes (hatched from eggs) 2) marsupials (embryonic birth) 3) eutherians (developed at birth)
69
crus

Bio LEC 94 (4 decks)

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