Quiz 3

Question 1

Abscess

Answer 1

A localized accumulation of pus that develops at a focus when an agent of injury cannot be quickly neutralize

Question 2

Cellulitis

Answer 2

Diffuse supportive inflammation

Question 3

Empyema

Answer 3

Plus in two areas: pleural and subdural

Question 4

Pleural empyema

Answer 4

Accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity

Question 5

Subdural empyema

Answer 5

Plus between arachnoid and Dura mater. Closed space. Can go into the sub arachnoid space to spread everywhere. High mortality rate.

Question 6

Hemorrhagic inflammation

Answer 6

Inflammation associated with the movement of white blood cells to the tissues. Red blood cells move into the tissues as well but not associated with inflammation

Question 7

Cellular component

Answer 7

Cells move into the site of inflammation from the blood vessels

Question 8

Leukocyte emigration

Answer 8

Outpouring of large amount of white blood cells from the blood.
* associated with injury

Question 9

Axial blood flow

Answer 9

Fluid that flows into ways. Laminar fluid flow and turbulent flow.
* blood flows through the vessels smooth and friction free

Question 10

Laminar fluid flow

Answer 10

Flow parallel to each other

Question 11

Turbulent flow

Answer 11

Absence or disruption of parallel flow of various layers of the s

Question 12

Margination

Answer 12

Peripheral position of white blood cells near the vascular endothelium
* next step, epithelia cells become sticky and stops the motion of white blood cells

Question 13

Pavementing

Answer 13

Of the leukocytes is there adherence to the endothelial cell surface

Question 14

Leukocyte emigration

Answer 14

Cell membrane floats away and the white blood cells appears outside the blood vessel. Get outside only post capillary Venules

Question 15

Diapedesis

Answer 15

Passive escape for red blood cells into site of inflammation.
-Leukocyte emigration, Active escape of the white blood cells into site of inflammation

Question 16

Neutrophils

Answer 16

Most common, majority of white blood cells. 2 to 5 lobes, 50 to 60% of all white blood cells
First line of defense against inflammation. They peak at 12 hours and declined to 0 at 24 hours
Short lifespan eight hours to three days - never involved when inflammation is chronic
Participate in killing bacteria

Question 17

Eosinophils

Answer 17

Two nucleus, granules with the red/pink color

Question 18

Basophils

Answer 18

Very rare, close to eosinophils granules with dark purple color, two lobes nucleus

Question 19

Lymphocytes

Answer 19

One nucleus, no granules under light microscope

Question 20

Monocytes

Answer 20

Largest cells of blood cells, one lobe, no granules
4 to 8% in the blood
Life span up to 30 days
Can stay in tissue when inflammation is chronic
Once in tissue monocyte turns to macrophage

Question 21

Polymorphonuclear cells

Answer 21

More than one lobe nuclei. Associated with the Phils of white blood cells

Question 22

Granulocytes

Answer 22

Cells containing granules. Associate with the Phil’s of the white blood cells

Question 23

Mononuclear cells

Answer 23

Only have one nucleus associate with the cytes of WBCs

Question 24

Agranulocyte

Answer 24

Cells without granules associated with the cytes of WBCs

Question 25

Which white blood cells go out of the blood vessel and into the tissues?

Answer 25

Neutrophils and monocytes

Question 26

Macrophage

Answer 26

Known as antigen presenting cells | Victims of HIV virus

Question 27

Phagocytosis

Answer 27

Engulf and eliminate

Question 28

Chemotaxis

Answer 28

Something in the blood attracts the cells to the intruders Step one of phagocytosis Step two is engulfment

Question 29

Ingestion

Answer 29

Release of enzymes through lysosomes which try to digest the intruder or divide into fragment Step three of phagocytosis

Question 30

Exocytosis

Answer 30

Removes the intruder

Question 31

Phagocytic cells

Answer 31

First cells that go to site of infection first. Neutrophils, monocyte/macrophages, eosinophils

Question 32

Oxygen independent mechanisms

Answer 32

Enzymes in the cells that digest intruders, lysozyme, elastase, and collagenase

Question 33

Defensin

Answer 33

Antibiotic like substance produced by some cells (only neutrophils produce these)

Question 34

Oxygen dependent mechanisms

Answer 34

Free radicals Can lead to oxygenation of cell membranes which can lead to destruction Free oxygen which is damaging Superoxide anion, hypochlorite anion

Question 35

Superoxide anion

Answer 35

Free oxygen one charge

Question 36

Hypochlorite anion

Answer 36

Disinfection of H2O and pools

Question 37

Hydrogen peroxide

Answer 37

Release free 02, uses surgery military surgery, kills bacteria in Wounds, pushes tissue debris outside by the bubbling of O2 Can be used to lighten hair

Question 38

Pus

Answer 38

Formation of specific exudate. Source of infection