macrolides
antimycobacterial 2nd line
terbinafine
other antifungals
anidulafungin
Echinocardins
ethionamide
antimycobacterial 2nd line
erythromycin
macrolides/ketolides
posaconazole
azole
voriconazole
azole
methenamine
urinary tract antiseptics
interferon
antiviral ( hepatitis)
acydovir
antiviral herpes
ofloxacin
flouroquinolone
rifampin
antimycobacterial 1st line
flucytosine
Other Antifungals
tigecycline
tetracyclines
clarithromycin
macrolides/ketolides
Amphotericin B
polyene Ab
isoniazid
antimycobacterial 1st line
trifluridine
antiviral herpes
demeclocycline
tetracyclines
micafungin
Echinocardins
oseltamivir
antiviral ( Influenza)
cotrimoxazole
antifolate drugs “sulfas”
sulfamethoxazole
antifolate drugs “sulfas”
azithromycin
macrolides/ketolides
ethambutol
antimycobacterial 1st line
valacyclovir
antiviral herpes
caspafungin
Echinocardins
capreomycin
antimycobacterial 2nd line
gemfloxacin
flouroquinolone
gentamicin
aminoglycosides
nitrofurantoin
urinary tract antiseptics
rifabutin
antimycobacterial 1st line
telithromycin
macrolides/ketolides
ribavirin
antiviral ( hepatitis)
boceprevir
antiviral ( hepatitis)
rifapentin
antimycobacterial 1st line
moxifloxacin
flouroquinolone
chloramphenicol
” Others” protein synthesis Ab
famciclovir
antiviral herpes
telaprivir
antiviral ( hepatitis)
tobramycin
aminoglycosides
sulfectamide
antifolate drugs “sulfas”
linezolid
Others” protein synthesis Ab
cidofovir
antiviral ( cytomegalovirus infections)
nystatin
polyene Ab
ketoconazole
azole
ciprofloxacin
flouroquinolone
tenofivir
antiviral ( hepatitis)
fidaxomicin
macrolides/ketolides
ganciclovir
antiviral ( cytomegalovirus infections)
doxycycline
tetracyclines
zanamivir
antiviral ( Influenza)
trimethropim
antifolate drugs “sulfas”
sulfadiazine
antifolate drugs “sulfas”
clindamycin
Others” protein synthesis Ab
minocycline
tetracyclines
flouroquinolones
antimycobacterial 2nd line
itraconazole
azole
amikacin
aminoglycosides
streptomycin
aminoglycosides
norfloxacin
flouroquinolone
griseofulvin
other antifungals
cycloserine
antimycobacterial 2nd line
pyrazinamide
antimycobacterial 1st line
fluconazole
azole
levofloxacin
flouroquinolone
rimantadine
antiviral ( Influenza)
Amantadine
antiviral ( Influenza)
neomycin
aminoglycosides
lamivudine
antiviral ( hepatitis)
- block viral membrane matrix protein M2
- functions as a channel for hydrogen ions
-
Antiviral MoA ( respiratory)
- Enter Bacteria by passive diffusion
- inhibit replication of DNA by interfering with DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
Flouroquinolones MoA
- active molecule targets enzymes responsible for synthesis of mycolic acid and blocks its production
- interacts with bacterial RNA polymerase
- decreases ic pH and inhibits growth
Antimicrobial Drugs 1st Line MoA
- interfere with the synthesis of beta glucan
- disrupts cell wall
- causes lysis and cell death
Echinocardins MoA
- inhibits P450 enzyme responsible for converting lanosterol to ergosterol
- inhibits human gonadal and adrenal steroid synthesis
Azoles MoA
- reversibly bind to the 30s ribosomal subunit and prevent the binding of tRNA
- prevents the addition of new amino acids to the growing peptide chain
- inhibits protein synthesis
Tetracyclines MoA
- binds to 30s ribosomal subunit and interfers with initiation of protein synthesis
- interferes with initiation complex of peptide formation
aminoglycosides MoA
Binds to 50s subunit
blocks peptidyltransferase center
macrolides MoA
decomposes at 5.5 or less
produces formaldehyde
toxic to bacteria
urinary tract antiseptics MoA
-structural analogues of PABA
compete with dihydropterase synthetase
inhibit folate production
sulfanomides MoA
- not completely understood
thought to induce host cell enzymes to inhibit viral RNA translation
anitiviral MoA ( hepatic)
- converted to active form by viral enzyme ( thymine kinase)
- competes as a substrate for viral DNA polymerase ans is incorp into the viral DNA
antiviral MoA ( herpes )
inhibitis dihydrofolate reductase
higher affinity for bacterial enzyme than mammalian
Trimethoprim MoA
- decomposes at pH of 5.5 or less
- produces formaldehyde which is toxic to bacteria
Methenamine MoA
Damages bacterial DNA
Nitrofurantoin MoA
bind to ergosterol in the plasma membrane and form a pore
this allows small molecules to escape -> cell death
Amphotericin B
enters fungal cell and disrupts DNA/protein synthesis
Flucysotine MoA
- inhibits squalene epoxidase
- blocks synthesis of ergosterol , squalene buillds up and becomes toxic
Terbinafine MoA
- inhibits fungal mitosis
- deposited in newly forming skin protecting it from new infection
- induces hepatic P450 activity
Griseofulvine MoA
- prodrug; activated by mycobacterial enzyme
- active molecule targets enzymes responsible for synthesis of mycolic acid and blocks its production
Isoniazid MoA
lowers ic pH and inhibits growth
Pyrazinimide MoA
interferes with cell wall synthesis
ethambutol MoA
- block viral membrane protein M2
inhibits viral encoding
Amantadine and Rimantadine MoA
induce host cell enzymes to inhibit viral RNA translation
Interferon MoA
inhibits Hepatitis B DNA polymerase and HIV reverse transcriptase
Lamivudine MoA
blocks synthesis of viral DNA and RNA
Ribavirin MoA
binds to active site of Hep C Virus protease
Boceprevir and Telaprevir MoA
