Quiz 3

Question 1

ESPeN

Answer 1

Economic, Society, Political, Environmental

Question 2

HELA Cells

Answer 2

Henrietta Last, first cells to be grown In Vitro and used for scientific research

Question 3

Informed consent

Answer 3

the permission received from individuals to use their tissue or perform a procedure on them, and making sure they fully understand what it is they are agreeing to allow the doctors to do

Question 4

Bioethics

Answer 4

the moral principles that guide biological research and how these principles are upheld in the field of medicine
simply, they are rules and regulations

Question 5

legal precedent

Answer 5

ethical precedent set by supreme court to become legal precedent
any ownership of your tissues is forfeited the second it is removed from your body

Question 6

morals

Answer 6

principles or habits with respect to right or wrong conduct. While morals also prescribe dos and don’ts, morality is ultimately a personal compass of right and wrong. comes from an internal source, we do it because we believe in something being right or wrong

Question 7

Ethics

Answer 7

rules of conduct recognized in respect to a particular clas of human actions or a particular group or culture. comes from a social system or an external source, we do it because society says it is the right thing to do

Question 8

morality

Answer 8

transcends cultural norms, but cannot be relied upon to govern society because they are not objective

Question 9

1827: early researchw

Answer 9

scientists first learn that the female body contains eggs, called ova

Question 10

1843

Answer 10

scientists discover that conception takes place when a sperm from the male reproductive system enters an ovum

Question 11

1855

Answer 11

The woman’s hospital opens in New York. chief doctor, Marion Sims, thinks infertility can be cured through gynecological surgery. Artificial insemination

Question 12

1873

Answer 12

the book Sex in Education, written by Harvard doctor Edward Clark, argues that having a college education contributes to sterility among young women

Question 13

1884: Artificial Insemination

Answer 13

William Pancoast treats a couple’s infertility by injecting sperm from a medical student into the woman while she is under anesthesia; she gives birth to a boy nine months later

Question 14

1934

Answer 14

Harvard scientist Gregory Pincus conducts IVF experiments involving rabbits that suggest similar fertilization is possible in humans. Pincus is denounced for his work, and Harvard denies him tenure

Question 15

1949

Answer 15

Pope Pius XII condemns any fertilization of human eggs outside the body, declaring that those who do so “take the Lord’s work into their own hands.” Despite Catholic church resistance, the number of infertility clinics in the US soars in the postwar era.

Question 16

December 13, 1954: a step back for science

Answer 16

an Illinois court rules that babies conceived through artificial insemination by donor (AID) are legally illegitimate. Most other states reject this conclusion. by 1960, some 50,000 babies have been born as a result of AID

Question 17

July 25, 1968

Answer 17

Pope Paul VI issues a papal encyclical called Humanae Vitae (of Human Life) that forbids Catholics from using contraceptives like the pill for birth control. Although IVF is not mentioned, the logic of Humanae Vitae, which requires the linkage of intercourse and procreation, would seem to forbid external fertilization as well

Question 18

1969

Answer 18

a harris poll shows that a majority of Americans believe techniques like IVF are “against God’s will”
Edwards and Steptoe publish the results of their successful IVF experiments in the journal of nature they have not yet attempted implantation of fertilized eggs back into a woman

Question 19

November 1, 1976

Answer 19

twenty nine year old former cheese factory worker Lesley Brown and her husband John meet with Steptoe. Lesley has blocked fallopian tubes, and steptoe, treading lightly on details, proposes IVF as a solution. the browns agree

Question 20

1978: the first test tube baby

Answer 20

after discovering that theirs will be the world’s first test tube baby and becoming subjects of a media frenzy, the browns attempt to quell the chaos by selling rights to the story to a British tabloid for a reported half a million dollars

Question 21

2004

Answer 21

IVF has become a mainstream medical technology, albeit one reserved mostly for patients who can afford the expensive treatments.
each IVF cycle costs 12,000 dollars on average. chance for a baby is 1/3

Question 22

ART

Answer 22

Assisted Reproductive Technnology

Question 23

ART umbrella

Answer 23

first is IVF, below IVF is PGD and ICSI

Question 24

PGD

Answer 24

pre implantation genetic diagnosis

examination of embryos for genetic traits linked to a single gene. these embryos can then be selected

Question 25

ICSI

Answer 25

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
an IVF procedure in which a single sperm is injected directly into an ovum. used as a response to genetic problems with sperm

Question 26

PGD allows doctors to change the genetics within an embryo (T/F)

Answer 26

False

Question 27

the hummingbird effect

Answer 27

technology like a hummingbird goes around from place to place, we don’t know exactly where the technology will go or who it will effect

Question 28

digital babies

Answer 28

matching up DNA with different partners who see who would be a good match

Question 29

two things that regulation does

Answer 29

limits access to technology

controls “actual uses” not intended uses

Question 30

economic privilege

Answer 30

should individuals using IVF be required to prove they can meet an economic baseline? example - octomom

Question 31

three groups of unintended consequences

Answer 31

unexpected benefit, unexpected drawback, perverse result

Question 32

unexpected benefit

Answer 32

a positive, unexpected benefit (also referred to as luck, serendipity or a windfall)
example: PGD is an unexpected benefit of IVF

Question 33

unexpected drawback

Answer 33

a negative, unexpected detriment occurring in addition to the desired effect
example: mortality rates aren’t great on top of the benefit of giving birth

Question 34

perverse result

Answer 34

a perverse effect contrary to what was originally intended (when an intended soluiton makes a problem worse) referred to as backfire or syfy stuff.