Quiz 3 (Continued) Flashcards

(30 cards)

1
Q

Mineral

A

Naturally occurring crystalline solid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Rock

A

An aggregate of one or more minerals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lava

A

Magma (molten material) on earth’s surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where do pyroclastic rocks/tuff/ash form?

A

Where magma explodes violently into atmosphere and falls back to ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Felsic composition vs Mafic composition?

A

Felsic: Lighter in color

Mafic: Darker in color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Extrusive vs. intrusive?

A

Extrusive: Volcanic. Aphanitic texture (small crystals, glassy, rapid cooling)

Intrusive: plutonic. Phaneritic texture (large crystals due to slow cooling)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of rock do we see most?

A

Sedimentary (75%) they’re at the top

Igneous (25%) in bedrock (mostly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Compaction

A

Tighter packing of sedimentary grains causing weak lithification and a decrease in void space (holes), usually from weight of overlying sediment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cementation

A

Process by which clastic sediment is lithified by precipitation of mineral cement, such as calcite cement, among the grains of the sediment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pathways common with sedimentary rocks

A

Erosion

Deposition

Compaction

Cementation

Lithification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Classic sedimentary rocks

A

Composed of minerals and rock fragments that are:

  - incompletely weathered or I weathered (immature sediments)
  - relatively stable with respect to weathering (mature sediments)

Classified based on:

  - clast size (clay-silt-sand-pebble) and shape (roundness)
  - mineral and/or lithic clast type
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Types of channels?

A

Straight

Meandering

Braided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sheetflow (overland flow)?

A

Surface water that flows unconfined over the land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Stream/river

A

Flowing water confined to a channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Runoff?

A

Movement of land water to oceans

Sheetflow and streamflow together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A small, medium, and large river move at same flow rate. Which one have highest discharge?

17
Q

Bar

A

An elevated region of sediment (such as sand or gravel) that has been deposited by the flow.

18
Q

How fast can rivers change shape?

A

Many times throughout one person’s life. Doesn’t take millions of years.

19
Q

Sources of energy for hydrologic cycle?

20
Q

Sublimation

Freezing

Melting

A

Solid to gas

Liquid to solid

Solid to liquid

21
Q

What are the effects of climate change?

A

Change in precipitation

Influences plants and animals that live in freshwater lakes and rivers, altering their habitat and possibly bringing life-threatening stress and disease

Challenges for flood control and river

22
Q

What can we do about floods?

A

1) engineering approach to control flooding
2) regulatory approach designed to decrease vulnerability to flooding
3) preparedness by predicting and forecasting flood times and locations
4) education of the public

23
Q

Flood watch

A

High flow or overflow of water from river is possible in given time period.

Can apply to heavy runoff or drainage of water into low-lying areas

Generally issued for flooding that’s expected to occur at least 6 hours after heavy rains have ended

Don’t have to leave but get prepared

24
Q

Flood warning

A

Occurring or is imminent in warning area

25
Flash flood watch
Flash flooding is possible in or close to watch area Generally issued for flooding that's expected to occur within 6 hours after heavy rains ended
26
Flash flood warning
Is actually occur in or is imminent in warning area Can be issued as result of torrential rains, fam failure, or ice jam
27
Coastal flood watch
Possibility exists for the inundation of land areas along coast within next 12-36 hours
28
Coastal flood warning
Land areas along coast are expected to become, or are, inundated by water above typical tide action
29
Channelization advantages and disadvantages
A: make stream more suitable for navigation Restrict water to certain area of stream's natural bottom lands so bulk of such lands can be made available for agriculture Flood control D: loss of wetlands Straightening causes streams to flow more rapidly, which can cause increase in soil erosion Can also increase flooding downstream from channelized area with net effect
30
Type of weather pattern associated with heavy rain in Vegas
Warm humid air meets cool air