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110 > Quiz 3. Hard Deposits Calculus > Flashcards

Quiz 3. Hard Deposits Calculus Flashcards

1
Q

What is calculus

A

Hard calcified plaque. It’s always covered with dental plaque

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2
Q

Where does calculus occur?

A

Teeth, implants, dentures and other appliances. Not on gingiva

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3
Q

Calculus can be defined as:

A

calcified, mineralized, dental plaque. Contains everything found in plaque w/ addition of calcifying salts

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4
Q

Calculus Significance

A

It doesn’t initiate perio disease. Facilitates more plaque accumulation since it’s rough. Can’t brush off calculus

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5
Q

Classification of Calculus

A

Classified by location on tooth surface related to gingival margin. (Supra or Sub)

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6
Q

Other names for Supragingival

A

Supramarginal, Extragingival, Coronal indicating that it’s on crown

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7
Q

Supragingival Calculus Location

A

Most abundant near opening of major salivary glands.
Buccal of maxillary molars
Lingual of mandibular anteriors
Varies person to person and tooth to tooth

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8
Q

Supragingival Calculus Consistency

A

Moderately hard, dense, porous, surface covered in plaque.

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9
Q

Supragingival Calculus Color

A

White/Creamy yellow or grey. May be stained by tobacco, food, and look dark brown

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10
Q

Supragingival Calculus elements are from

A

Saliva

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11
Q

Supragingival Calculus Clinical Appearance

A

Thin layer may be missed if wet. Dry and able to see calculus chalky, rough and catchy. Large deposits seen easily.

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12
Q

Subgingival Calculus

A

Attachment on the root surface that is unseen. AKA know as submarginal

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13
Q

Serumal

A

Indicating source of minerals in blood serum. (subgingival)

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14
Q

Subgingival Calculus is typically

A

Dark due to blood pigmentation.

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15
Q

Subgingival occurs due to:

A

lack of flossing. It’s more dense than supra, harder to remove

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16
Q

Subgingival Calculus Consistency

A

Brittle, harder and dense than supra, Newest deposit nearer to base of pockets (less dense here)

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17
Q

Subgingival Calculus Color

A

Brown or black. Stains from blood pigment

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18
Q

Subgingival Distribution

A

Wider distribution than supra. More prominent on proximal and lingual. Adheres hard to tooth.

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19
Q

Subgingival Examination

A 
Visual exam (blow air)
Gingival tissue color change (inflammed)
Tactile Examination- Probe/Explorer
Radiographic Exam
Perioscopy
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20
Q

Types of Subgingival Calculus

A

Spicules, Ledge, Ring, Veneer

21
Q

Composition of Calculus

A

Made of inorganic/organic components and water

Chemical component of supra and sub are similiar although source of elements for mineralization aren’t the same.

22
Q

Composition percentage varies

A

depending on the age and hardness of a deposit and location

23
Q

Calculus, Inorganic components

A

70-90% Main: Calcium, P, Carbonate, Sodium, MG and K. Flouride is in calculus

24
Q

Calculus, Organic Content

A

10-30% Non-vital organisms

Calculus isn’t the problem, it’s bacteria on top of it

25
Q

Formation of Calculus

A

Patient unaware.
Mineralization is slow 3-4 days up to 2 weeks
Asymptomatic, Painless, Sometimes bleeding

26
Q

Radiographic appearance of calculus

A

Radiopaque- White
Interproximal- Spurs or lumps
Calculus can be present w/o seeing on radiographs, most heavy to be seen
Can look like hazy ring around tooth

27
Q

Steps of Calculus Formation

A

Pellicle Formation
Biofilm Maturation
Mineralization

28
Q

Pellicle Formation

A

Glycoproteins in saliva

29
Q

Biofilm maturation

A

Bacterial plaque development over plaque

30
Q

Mineralization/ Calculus Formation

A

Source of minerals- Supra is saliva and Sub is gingival sulcus fluid. 72+ hours early calculus. Avg is 12 days to mineralize

31
Q

Theories

A

Mineralization
CO2 (Doesn’t hold)
Ammonia (Doesn’t hold)

32
Q

Mineralization Theory

A

Saliva is saturated w/ salts and able to support crystal growth, helps mineralize it all.

33
Q

Structure of Calculus

A

Layers: More/less parallel to tooth. Separated by a line that appears to be pellicle that was deposited over previously formed calculus. Evidence that calculus grows in layers
Rough Surface
Outer layer- partly calcified- on surface thick, soft layer of dental biolfilm

34
Q

In what amount of time is Calculus Formed

A

3-4 days in heavy calculus formers
Wilkins 10-20 days to form
Subgingival 60% mineralized
Supragingival 30% mineralized

35
Q

Mineralization begins in

A

intercellular plaque matrix then bacterial cells

36
Q

Modes of Calculus Attachment

A 
Acquire pellicle (not as common)
Minute irregularities in tooth surface
Direct contact (most common)
37
Q

Reasons for Calculus

A 
Medications
Alkaline pH
Calcium in saliva
Tube feed
Dialysis
Swimmers Calculus
38
Q

Usually if someone creates a lot of calculus they don’t…

A

have a lot of decay

39
Q

Ease of Calculus removal

A

Acquired pellicle- Easy to remove
Mechanical Locking- Hard to remove
Direct Contact- Have to remove cementum and dentin to assure complete removal

40
Q

Location

A

Areas closest to salivary duct

Protected, less cleansable area

41
Q

Protected, less cleansable areas

A 
Interproximal
Malpositioned teeth
Sulcus, pockets
Distals of last tooth
Rough surface
Rough restorations
Prosthesis
Age- most kids have supra
42
Q

Effect of Calculus on Perio tissues

A

Calculus by itself is harmless to perio tissues

Dental plaque is always on calculus

43
Q

Tenacity

A

Length of time present
Attachment mechanism
Sub is more difficult to remove
Depends on individual

44
Q

Prevention of Calculus

A

Personal dental biofilm control

Avoid it by homecare

45
Q

Significance of Radiographs

A

Aids in detection
Guide during scaling
Patient Education
“Road Map”

46
Q

Anticalculus Dentrifrice and mouthrinse

A

inhibit calculus growth
Pyrophosphates (anti-tarter)
Zinc chloride (Antimicrobial)

47
Q

Factors to teach the patient

A 
Personal oral hygiene
What's calculus and how it's formed
Effect on perio
Expectations for use of anticalculus
ADA Seal of Approval
48
Q

Hints for Calculus Detection

A

Use air-blow dry
Use transillumination (more for caries)
Feel w/ explorer or probe

49
Q

Time required for supragingival calculus formation is:

A

3-20 days, first evidency may occur after 12 hours. Composition characteristic of old calculus requires months or years

110 (5 decks)

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