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Psych 401 > Quiz 3 Key Terms > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Key Terms Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Penal Proportionality

A

the principle that the severity of a punishment should be in line with the seriousness of the crime

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2
Q

Blameworthiness

A

the degree to which we can blame a person for what they did (and how much punishment is therefore justified)

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3
Q

Endogenous Impairments

A

Impaired decision making capacity

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4
Q

External Circumstances

A

pressure/circumstances that contributed to the offense and/or act

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5
Q

Excuse

A

offer moral justification or sympathy for the offender

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6
Q

Mitigation

A

the act of reducing the severity of an offense through varying methods

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7
Q

Psychosocial Immaturity

A

weaker capacity for self-management, limited future orientation, greater weight to rewards when making decisions, susceptible to peer influence

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8
Q

Impact of Emotional Arousal

A

strong emotions such as anger and sorrow can blind and individual’s rationality when making a decision

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9
Q

Peer Influence

A

particularly relevant when dealing with juveniles, can lead to poor decision making

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10
Q

Coercive Circumstances/External Pressure

A

factors in an individual’s life that place immense pressure to act in one way or another

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11
Q

Driving Simulators

A

used to assess decision making, especially in regards to peer influence and emotional arousal

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12
Q

Attitudes and Perceptions of Risk

A

change and mature with age

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13
Q

Future Orientation

A

thinking about how current decisions and actions impact one’s future

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14
Q

Capacity for Self-Management

A

ability to control emotions and impulses (especially in regards to actions) increases with age

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15
Q

Limbic System Development

A

underpinning emotions, impulses and appetites (more sensitive in adolescents)

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16
Q

Pre-Frontal Cortex

A

matures later (early adulthood), regulates thoughts, actions and emotions

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17
Q

Risky Shift

A

the tendency of a group to make riskier decisions together than the average person would make alone

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18
Q

Immaturity Gap

A

the fact that cognitive maturity (CM) develops earlier and peaks earlier than emotional maturity (EM)

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19
Q

Unformed Character

A

phenomenon in adolescents, ongoing development of ethics, values, morality, and decision-making skills

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20
Q

Fledgling Psychopath

A

used to describe children who have hyperactivity, impulsivity, and attention (HIA) problems as well as severe conduct problems (CP)

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21
Q

Assumptions around Mass Shootings

A

1) mental illness causes gun violence
2) psychiatric diagnosis can predict gun crime before it happens
3) US mass shootings teach us to fear mentally ill loners
4) gun control won’t prevent another Tucson

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22
Q

Mass Murder Percentages

A

only 1% of gun deaths occur in mass shootings, 57.8% of shoots are white men

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23
Q

Mass Murder & Mentally Ill Persons

A

less than 3-5% of US crimes involve people with mental illness, individuals with serious mental illness are at greater risk of being assaulted by others

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24
Q

Personal Gun Ownership Results

A

Gun ownership increases homicide rates between non-strangers

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25
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE)
negative experiences one is raise with/exposed to in childhood that impacts their development
26
Physical Abuse
adverse childhood experience, punching, hitting, etc.
27
Emotional Abuse
harder to prove in a legal sense, nonetheless impacts development
28
Physical Neglect
lack of someone to care for you, adequate food, clean clothing, medical care
29
Emotional Neglect
absence of someone in your family who helped you feel important or special
30
Mens Rea
criminal intent of a person
31
Melanie KIein
published Psychoanalysis of Children in 1932, introducing idea that early experiences established the basic social orientation of a person
32
paranoid-schizoid position
child orients to a world perceived as threatening and malicious
33
depressive position
child orients to a world that is perceived as uncaring and indifferent
34
Problematic Behavior Syndrome
multiple factors can lead to the same behavior and one factor can lead to multiple types of problem behaviors
35
Dose Response
the more adverse childhood experiences a person has, the greater chance of developing negative health outcomes
36
Duke et. al (2009) Results
each ACE is significantly associated with interpersonal and self-directed violence
37
Parens Patriae
the "need" for the government to serve as a "guardian" for people and intervene especially when mentally unstable
38
Specific Deterrence
things that are intended to deter a specific person from committing a crime again (prison, fines)
39
General Deterrence
things that are intended to deter the general population from committing a crime
40
Legislative Exclusion
specified ages or charges are excluded from juvenile court
41
Judicial Waiver
a judge makes the decision in response to a petition
42
Prosecutorial Discretion
prosecutors allow to decide whether to file in juvenile court or criminal court
43
Kent v. US (1996)
Morris Kent was 16 at time of incident, rape charges carried death penalty, resulted in evaluation of case and recognizing emotional immaturity
44
Reverse Waiver
proving with evidence, an individual may be transferred from adult to juvenile court
45
Treatment Amenability
the ability to benefit from treatment is a key factor in the juvenile justice system
46
Decompression
a treatment philosophy/model that fosters gradual forward movement with physical and psychological safety
47
Callous/Unemotional Traits
numbness/inability to display emotion
48
Recidivism
the tendency to reoffend
49
Griswold v. Conn (1965)
legalized contraception, implied right to privacy in the constitution
50
Sex Offender Myths
1) sex offenders don't change/cannot be treated 2) over 300,000 children are abducted by pedophiles in the US 3) most sexual assaults are committed by strangers 4) sex offenses are the most under-reported crime in the US 5) sex offenders tend to escalate in their behavior
51
Sex Offender Misconceptions
1) 80% of offenders recidivate 2) all child molestors are pedophiles 3) the "typical" child molestor is an adult male & stranger 4) only 2% of sex offenders serve time in jail
52
Caldwell & Caldwell "Age of Redemption"
juveniles adjudicated for non-sexual crimes possess the same likelihood of those who have perpetrated a sexual crime
53
Smith v. Doe (2003)
court ruled that sex offender registration and community notification are constitutional
54
Effectiveness of Sex Offender Registration
studies show that individuals registered as no less likely to recidivate, does not improve community safety or have a general nor specific deterrent effect
55
Kansas v. Hendricks
ruled that a "mental disorder" does not need to be a widely known or diagnosed disorder in order for it to recognized by professionals
56
Mental "abnormality"
an acquired congenital condition that affects cognition, emotion and/or motivation
57
Supermax Effects
loss of hope and often poor behavior due to harsh conditions (under extreme scrutiny by many)
58
Compression Effect
the spiral of someone acting out based on feeling some form of inequity of treatment, then receiving harsher conditions/punishment and it continues
59
Looping
a form of compression effect that is in specific regards to mental illness
60
MJTC Outcomes Study
Reduces violent recidivism by about 50%, zero recidivism for homicides, cost benefit ratio of 7 to 1 (130% return), treatment neutralized propensity for violence

Psych 401 (4 decks)

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