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quiz 3 stuff Flashcards

1
Q

PAR complex

A

PAR3, PAR6, aPKC, Cdc42

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2
Q

Crumbs complex

A

CRB, PALS1, PATJ

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3
Q

Scrib complex

A

SCRIB, LGL, DLG

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4
Q

LGL

A

cytoskeletal protein, can bind myosin II

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5
Q

DLG

A

Scaffold protein

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6
Q

ER seperation

A

continuous w/ nuclear membrane, segregates during interphase

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7
Q

Mitochondria seperation

A

evenly distribute during segregation, localizes to cleavage furrow (likely supplies energy)

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8
Q

Golgi

A

-fragments during M phase, move w/spindle poles, reconstruct in telophase
-in cell plates in plants

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9
Q

cellular fusion occurs in

A

muscle cells

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10
Q

steps of cellular fusion

A

embroynic progenitors –> proliferating myoblasts –> differentiating myocytes –> postmitotic myotube (functional unit of skeletal muscle)

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11
Q

decision to divide symmetrically or not is partially decided by

A

RNA localization

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12
Q

asymmetric divison (RNA process)

A

proteins (P bodies) carrying RNA move them to one side of dividing cell –> RNA molecules code for proteins, can carry out different functions compared to other cell

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13
Q

mitosis without cytokines (nuclear division) results in

A

large cell w/ several thousand nuclei

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14
Q

Taxol

A

prevents MT depolymerization, cant break asters

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15
Q

midbody

A

acts as a landmark, gives orientation to create polarized structure

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16
Q

direction of neuronal comunication

A

from dendritic terminal, through soma and out through axonal terminal

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17
Q

axon composition

A

long and thin, uniform width, branches at right angles from cell body

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18
Q

dendrite composition

A

short (get thinner the further from cell body it goes), unergoes y shaped branching

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19
Q

spacing between MT in axon vs dendrites

A

tau in axon forms loops - spacing between MTs is smaller in axon than dendrites

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20
Q

Golgi extends into ______ but not ________

A

dendrites, axon

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21
Q

since there is no golgi in the axon, proteins must be stored/modified (N-glycosylated) in the ________ and transported to the ___________

A

soma, axonal terminal

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22
Q

anterograde transport

A

away from golgi

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23
Q

retrograde transport

A

towards golgi

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24
Q

MTs are oriented relative to

A

golgi

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25
anterograde transport is to which end and transported by which motor protein
+ end, kinesin
26
retrograde transport is to which end and transported by which motor protein
- end, dynein
27
nocadazol (NDZ) causes
MTs to depolymerize
28
in axon, minus end is oriented towards ________ and plus end is oriented towards _________
soma, axon terminus
29
what direction does transport occur in in dendrites
both directions, has golgi everywhere
30
Action potential depolarization and repolarization
Depol: Na+ channel open, Na+ moves into axon Repol: K+ channel open, K+ moves out of axon
31
_________ drives plasma membrane protrusion
actin polymerization
32
leading edge portrusion results from
myosin contraction at the rear, pushes PM forward
33
filopodia
common in migrating growth cones of neurons and fibroblasts - 1 dimensional - long bundles of parallel actin
34
lamellipodia
common in epi cells, neurons and fibroblasts - 2 dimensional - mesh-like network of branched actin
35
invadopodia
3-dimensional actin-rich protrusions that penetrate tissue barriers
36
cell movement begins with
lamellipodia
37
do MTS penetrate lamellipodia actin netword
no
38
filopodia are thought to act as cellular
antennae - probe microenvironment, have receptors to respond to surrounding environment
39
filopodia are also involved in
cell-cell adhesions, guiding growing dendrites to chemoattractants
40
growth cone composition
lamellipodia w finger like projections (filopodia) coming off of it, MTs hang back while filopodia explores environ.
41
what is critical for wound healing in epi cells
lamellipodia
42
cofilin
disassembles actin filaments - at rear of lamellipodia
43
ARP 2/3
machinery for migration is dependant on this -facilitates nucleation of new actin polymers at 70 degree angle to the existing actin polymers
44
invadopodia begins with
localized loss of actin cortex (relaxation)
45
blebs form when
PM detaches from cytoskeleton or underlying actin cortex
46
what allows membrane to protrude (blebbing)
contraction of myosin w/o actin cortex
47
what promotes focal adhesion formation
actin polymerization force added to myosin contraction
48
what moves cell forward
myosin contraction and cell adhesion coupled with de-adhesion at rear
49
premature loss of focal adhesions
actin filaments slip back away from leading edge following actin polymerization
50
Cell polarity is caused by
Members of the Rho family (Cdc, Rac, Rho)
51
Cdc42 activation on ________
inner surface of PM
52
Cdc42 activation triggers
-filopodia formation -actin polymerization and bundling
53
Cdc42 filopodia formation
Cdc42 --> WASp --> mDia (profilin) (and ARP2/3 in lamellipodia but mainly profilin) --> filamentous actin
54
Rho myosin contraction
Rho --> ROCK --> pMLC --> Myosin II contraction
55
Rac1 lamellipodia formation
Rac1 --> WASp --> ARP2/3 --> Actin mesh
56
What happens when Rho dominates
Actin-myosin contraction
57
What happens when Rac dominates
Polymerization (protrusion)
58
chemotaxis
chemotactic signals can promote cell migration toward or away from a signal
59
chemotaxis signal cascade
chemoattractant --> GCPR on migrating cell--> PI3K --> RAC --> ARP2/3 --> lamellipodia formation PI3K rapidly degraded - cannot diffuse far giving directionality to new formed lamellipodia GCPR --> myosin contraction --> Rac in lead, Rho in rear gives polarity to signal cascade
60
Neutrophil chemotaxis assay
Release of a N-formylated peptides from a pipette tip promotes lamellipodia formation and the rapid migration of neutrophils toward the pipette
61
6 general external signals
1. ECM adhesion - proteins in matrix growth cone can associate w and grow along 2. Cell surface adhesion - protein present on cell surface represent signals growth cone is attracted to, gives surface where it can migrate 3. Fasciculation -idea that if we already have a path to follow (like one made by another neuron) growth cone can follow it -EG. SPINAL CORD 4.Chemoattraction -area where signal factor is released draws growth cone towards it -EG. NETRIN 5.Contact inhibition -repulsion when growth cone comes into contact w something (like a specific cell type) 6.Chemorepulsion -sigalling factor released that repulses growth cone away

MCB 3010 (20 decks)

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