Quiz 3 vocab Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
bone marrow
A
site of blood cell production
2
Q
bones
A
connect together to form the framework of the body
3
Q
joints
A
place where two bones meet
4
Q
ligaments
A
hold joints together and give flexiblity
5
Q
skeleton
A
the framework of the body
6
Q
cartilage
A
flexible tissue forms fetal skeleton
7
Q
ossification
A
gradual process of bone formation
8
Q
osteoblast
A
immature bone cells
9
Q
osteocytes
A
matured; strong bone cells
10
Q
articular cartilage
A
layer that covers epiphysis to prevent bones from rubbing on bones
11
Q
diaphysis
A
central shaft of bone
12
Q
epiphysis
A
where the bone widens at the end
13
Q
red bone marrow
A
makes most blood cells found in parts of all bones in spaces of spongy bone
14
Q
spongy bone
A
cancellous; found in the bone giving spongelike appearance
15
Q
yellow bone marrow
A
located in medullary cavity, made of mainly fat cells
16
Q
head
A
large smooth ball-shaped end on a long bone.
17
Q
neck
A
narrow area that separates the body or shaft of a bone from the head
18
Q
condyle
A
smooth rounded portion at the end of a bone
19
Q
epicondyle
A
projection located above or on a condyle
20
Q
trochanter
A
large rough process for the attachment of a muscle
21
Q
tubercle
A
small, rough process that provides the attachment for tendons and muscles
22
Q
tuberosity
A
a large rough process that provides the attachment of tendons and muscles
23
Q
sinus
A
hollow cavity within a bone
24
Q
foramen
A
smooth round opening for nerves and blood vessels
25
fossa
consists of a shallow cavity or depression on the surface of a bone
26
fissure
slit-type opening
27
cervical vertebra
vertebra in the neck region
28
thoracic vertebra
vertebrae in the chest region with ribs attached
29
lumbar vertebra
vertebrae in the small of the back, about waist level
30
sacrum
5 vertebrae that become fused into one triangular-shaped flat bone at the base of the vertebral column
31
coccyx
3-5 very small vertebrae attached to the sacrum, often become fused
32
phalanges
toe bones; 3 in each toe and 2 in each great toe
33
carpals
bones of wrist
34
metacarpals
bones in palm of hand
35
phalanges
finger bones; three in each finger and two in each thumb
36
tarsals
ankle and heel bones
37
metatarsals
forefoot bones
38
exostosis
a bone spur
39
kyphosis
abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine (humpback)
40
lordosis
abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine (swayback)
41
orthopedics
branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions of the musculoskeletal system (orthopedic surgery)
42
orthotic
a brace or splint used to prevent or correct deformities
43
prosthesis
artificial device used as substitute for a body part that is congenitally missing or absent from an accident or disease
44
closed fracture
fracture where there is no open skin wound
45
compound fracture
fracture where the skin has broken through to the fracture
46
comminuted fracture
fracture where the bone is shattered, splintered, crushed
47
compression fracture
fracture involving loss of height of a vertebral body
48
impacted fracture
fracture where bone fragments are pushed into each other
49
greenstick fracture
fracture with incomplete break
50
oblique fracture
fracture at an angle to the bone
51
stress fracture
slight fracture caused by repetitive low-impact forces
52
pathological fracture
fracture from diseased or weak bone
53
spiral fracture
fracture where fracture line spirals around the shaft of the bone (slower to heal)
54
transverse fracture
complete fracture that is straight across the bone at right angles to the long axis of the bone
55
osteogenic sarcoma
most common type of bone cancer
56
osteomalacia
softening of the bones caused by a deficiency of calcium
57
osteoporosis
decrease in bone mass that results in a thinning and weakening of the bone with resulting fractures
58
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
59
osteoarthritis
arthritis resulting in degeneration of the bones and joints - especially those bearing weight... results in bone rubbing bone
60
rheumatoid arthritis
chronic arthritis with inflammation of the joints, swelling, stiffness, pain, and changes in cartilage that can result in crippling deformities
61
fascia
fibrous connective tissue that wraps muscles
62
striated muscle
striped skeletal muscles attached to bones and produce voluntary movement
63
tendon
strong fibrous connective tissue at each end of a skeletal muscle
64
visceral muscle
smooth muscle tissue; found in walls of hollow organs; responsible for involuntary muscle action in internal organs
65
myocardium
cardiac muscle that makes up the wall of the heart.
66
biceps
muscle in the upper arm that has two heads
67
extensor carpi
muscle that produces extension at the wrist
68
rectus abdominis
straight (rectus) abdominal muscle
69
sternocleidomastoid
a paired superficial muscle in the anterior portion of the neck - responsible to bend neck and tilt head
70
external oblique
abdominal muscle whose fibers run at an oblique angle
71
flexor carpi
produce flexion at the wrist
72
gluteus maximus
large rump area
73
action
type of movement a muscle produces
74
insertion
the more movable bone considered to be where the muscle ends
75
antagonistic pairs
muscles arranged around joints that produce opposite actions
76
origin
the less movable of two bones, considered to be the starting point of the muscle
77
abduction
movement away from midline of the body
78
adduction
movement toward midline of the body
79
flexion
act of bending or being bent
80
extension
movement that brings limb into or toward a straight condition
81
dorsiflexion
backward bending, as of hand or foot
82
plantar flexion
bending sole of foot; pointing toes downward
83
eversion
turning outward
84
inversion
turning inward
85
pronation
to turn downward or backward as with the hand or foot
86
supination
turning the palm or foot upward
87
elevation
to raise a body part, as in shrugging the shoulders
88
depression
a downward movement, as in dropping shoulders
89
circumduction
movement in a circular direction from a central point. (drawing a large circle in the air)
90
opposition
moving thumb away from palm; the ability to move the thumb into contact with the other fingers
91
rotation
moving around a central axis
92
adhesion
scar tissue forming in the fascia surrounding a muscle, making it difficult to stretch the muscle
93
atrophy
poor muscle development as a result of muscle disease, nervous system disease, or lack of use
94
contracture
abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tenons, or fascia making it difficult to stretch the muscle
95
hypertrophy
increase in muscle bulk as a result of losing it, as in lifting weights
96
spasm
sudden, involuntary muscle contraction
