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Flashcards in Quiz 4 Deck (29)
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1
Q

When considering vascular disease of the upper extremities you must also consider (3 things):

A

Compression (TOS)
vasospasm in the digital arteries (Raynaud’s)
Trauma & embolic related events

2
Q

Cuff Placement

A

Brachial 12cm
Forearm 10cm
wrist
digits

3
Q

Cuff Artifact

A

the width of the cuff should be at least 20% wider than the diameter of the underlying limb. less of an issue with UE.

4
Q

Pressure Gradient

A

Pressure Gradient > 15-20 mmHg btw arms suggest obstruction in the arm with the lower pressure.

5
Q

Finger/brachial indices between _____ are normal

A

between .8-.9

6
Q

Analog Doppler Waveforms are used to:

A

calculate pulsatility indices (PI) and/or to determine if triphasic, biphasic or monophasic flow is present.

7
Q

Doppler tracing should be recorded from the following areas:

A
Subclavian 
Axillary
Brachial 
Radial
Ulnar Artery
8
Q

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)

A

compression of subclavian artery(vein and/or nerve) by extra cervical rib or thoracic musculature. Position dependent. ages 20-40. 4x’s more common in women.

9
Q

TOS Performance

A

Perform resting study first. Common position: Adson’s Test- head turned toward arm. Costoclavicular (military)- chest forward, shoulders back. Hyperabduction- full abduction with 90 degree external rotation.

10
Q

TOS Interpretation

A

any significant change in pressure suggest the presence of TOS (>15 mmHg). Any change in the PVR can change from a category 1 to 5.

11
Q

Raynaud’s Syndrome

A

vasoconstriction caused by exposure to cold temperatures or even high emotional state conditions. Causes pain & color changes of hang. chronic secondary can cause ischemic changes.

12
Q

Cold Immersion Studies Performance

A

perform resting study first. immerse hands in ice water for 2-5 mins. record pressure and or waveforms of the digits immediately after removing hands from ice water

13
Q

Cold Immersion Studies interpretation of PVR

A

waveforms of the fingers in patients with Raynaud’s have “Peaked Pulse”. (also found in pts with Buerger’s, frost bite & other collagen disorders)

14
Q

Cold Immersion Studies interpretation of pressures

A

Normal- systolic pressure drop in the fingers 20%.
PVR will flatten immediately after hand is removed from water. If patient has other type of disease it can be hard to prove.

15
Q

AV Graft Steal

A

occurs when an AV graft for dialysis steals enough blood flow from the upper extremity to cause symptoms. cause cause pain & even ischemic signs & symptoms to the hang. can be in conjunction with underlying atherosclerosis disease of the UE.

16
Q

AV Graft Steal Studies

A

resting study should show a reduction in waveforms & pressures. Compress the graft. If the waveform get bigger & looks normal that means its the graft making the symptoms.

17
Q

Doppler Angle

A

Typically btw 45-60. never >60. Must be parallel.

18
Q

Normal Flow Pattern

A

Laminar. Triphasic or biphasic, reversal becomes less prominent when resistance decreases. clear spectral waveform window (envelope)

19
Q

Abnormal Flow Patterns

A

Spectral broadening. increased peak systolic velocities (PSV) at stenotic sites. turbulent signals just distal to stenosis. monophasic waveforms with decreased PSV distal to high grade stenosis. waveforms immediately pros to an occlusion will have low PSV with no diastolic flow

20
Q

In the legs, the arteries are ______ to the veins.

A

anterior

21
Q

Waveform at stenosis

A

rounded with spectral broadening

22
Q

post-stenotic turbulent waveform

A

ice pick spectral broadening

23
Q

waveform distal to stenosis

A

monophasic. tardus parvus

24
Q

Classifications of arterial Lesions 1-19%

A

Triphasic waveform; minimal spectral broadeening; <30 % increase in PSV;prox & distal waveform normal.

25
Q

Classifications of arterial Lesions 20-49%

A

triphasic waveform usually maintained (reversal flow might be diminished) prominent spectral broadening; 30-100% increase in PSV; prox & distal waveforms normal

26
Q

Classifications of arterial Lesions 50-99%

A

monophasic waveform (forward flow through out cardiac cycle) extensive spectral broadening; >100% increase in PSV; distal waveform is monophasic with reduced PSV.

27
Q

Occlusion

A

No flow; preocclusive “thump” just pros to occlusion; distal waveform is monophasic with reduced PSV

28
Q

Velocity Ratio (Vr)

A

a way to determine severity of stenosis. PSV at stenosis (V1) / PSV pros to stenosis (V2).

29
Q

Classification based on Vr

A

Normal or mild 2.0
Severe 70-99% Vr >3.0
Occluded no flow