Quiz 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Who wrote Equality and Commerce?
A
Alexis de Tocquevill
2
Q
How adaptable did Alexis de Tocqueville believe people were to their circumstances? Why? (Equality and commerce)
A
Very, people can get accustomed to their circumstances
3
Q
What did Alexis de Tocqueville believe the main passion of the middle class was? (Equality and commerce)
A
Property/luxury
4
Q
Did Alexis de Tocqueville believe the rich in America were more prideful than those in aristocracies? Why? (Equality and commerce)
A
No- they’d had to work hard to get where they were
5
Q
When are people mentally affected by luxury? (Equality and commerce)
A
When their circumstances change
6
Q
What has happened to the quality of products as more people are producing products? (Equality and commerce)
A
It’s gone down
7
Q
What is the goal of production in a democratic society? How did they achieve this? What was the outcome?(Equality and commerce)
A
To make as much $ as possible, produce as much as possible, lower quality products
8
Q
Did Alexis de Tocqueville believe people who’d worked hard to achieve some wealth adapt well to losing it?
A
No
9
Q
What was the quality of products like in an aristocratic society? Why? (Equality and Commerce)
A
Very good- people’s reputation and work were at stake
10
Q
What do people do when they want something nice but can’t afford it? (Equality and Commerce)
A
Accept lower quality version of it
11
Q
How do commercial aspects of life affect American’s lives? (Equality and Commerce)
A
They incorporate habits they conduct in business into everyday life
12
Q
Did Alexis de Tocqueville believe prosperity meant happiness?
A
No
13
Q
Did Alexis de Tocqueville believe Americans were materialistic?
A
Yes
14
Q
Did Alexis de Tocqueville think democracy was insufficient to promote good people?
A
Yes
15
Q
What are the main ideas of (Equality and Commerce)?
A
People are materialistic and really care about luxury
16
Q
Who wrote “The purposes served by local self government?”
A
Alexis de Tocqueville
17
Q
What are the main ideas of The purposes served by local self government?
A
Aristocratic governments have a greatersense of commuity and democratic governments are isolated and care more about themselves
18
Q
How did Alexis de Tocqueville believe classes impacted class relations? Where did he say this?
A
They bred superiority and caused people to cooperate with people lower than themselves
(The purposes served by local self government)
19
Q
Are aristocratic societies fixed or flexible?
A
Fixed
20
Q
Did aristocracies encourage fellowship and altruism? (Alexis de Tocqueville) (EDIT)
A
No
21
Q
Were men in aristocratic ages isolated in their own spheres? What effect did this have? (Alexis de Tocqueville)
A
No, they were almost always closely attached to something else. They could forget themselves
22
Q
Do Democratic societies encourage devoted service? (Alexis de Tocqueville)
A
No, but the bond of human affection is extended
23
Q
Did Alexis de Tocqueville believe Democratic societies encouraged connections? Why or why not? What effect did this have? Where did he say this?
A
No, because classes don’t exist, causing indifference
(The purposes served by local self government)
24
Q
What effect did Alexis de Tocqueville believe Democratic societies had on helping other people? Where did he say this?
A
It caused selfishness and isolation, (The purposes served by local self government)
25
What did Alexis de Tocqueville believe democracy was comparable to? Why? Where did he say this?
Tyranny, it seperates people which is what despotism tries to do (The purposes served by local self government)
26
When did Alexis de Tocqueville say people discover their reliance on others? Where?
When attending to public affairs and realizing their need for other's support (The purposes served by local self government)
27
When do people feel the need of public goodwill? (Alexis de Tocqueville) Where did he say this?
When they rule, The purposes served by local self government
28
Why did Alexis de Tocqueville believe anti-fed ideas would work? Where did he say this?
Only leading politicians care about general affairs, but they aren't connected to each other
The purposes served by local self gvmt
29
How did Alexis de Tocqueville believe we should handle seperation? Where did he say this?
Creating free institutions, the purposes served by local self gvmt
30
Who wrote Soft Despotism?
Alexis de Tocqueville
31
What did Alexis de Tocqueville say about creating gvmt?
People want gvmts they choose reps for and have power over
32
Did Alexis de Tocqueville say he believed in equality?
Yes
33
Who wrote Soft Despotism?
Alexis de Tocqueville
34
What is the main idea in Soft Despotism?
Independence causes contempt for authority and makes them love political freedom/free institutions
35
What did Alexis de Tocqueville say a love of indepedence was caused by
Equality
36
How did democratic vs aristocratic gvmts feel about secondary powers between gvmt and people?
They both want them
37
What did Alexis de Tocqueville say inequality meant about individuals and society as a whole?
They're less important and we have a more complicated society
38
What kind of authority does a democratic gvmt want?
simple, 1 power governin, uniform legislature
39
What did Alexis de Tocqueville believed equality would bring?
A lack of obligation to other people
A love of well being and fear of violence
40
What did Tocqueville say about the new 2ndary powers? How did they affect the government as a whole?
They gave the central government more power, haven't made gvmt more democratic
41
What did Tocqueville say about the growth of manufacturing?
It extends the supreme power's jurisdiction
42
What did Tocqueville say about private people and equality?
They become more powerless as they become more equal
43
What did Tocqueville believe could cause despotism?
A large number of hedonistic, self centered people
44
What did Tocqueville say about the government and its relationship with the people?
They treat the citizens like children by securing all their gratifications and watching over them
45
What did Tocqueville say about people who elect reps but have them decide everything?
They lose their faculties of thinking
46
What did Tocqueville believe about the spread of democracy?
It was inevitable and not all bad
47
What did Tocqueville say the most obvious part of American culture was?
Equality of conditions,e xcluding slavery and wealth
48
How did people get rich in democracies?
Selling at a low cost to all, either by making stuff more quickly or more cheaply
49
Did Tocqueville believe prosperity=happiness?
No
50
What did Tocqueville say about decentralization? Why?
He thought the US would become more centralized to have the same rules for everyone (equality)
51
Who wrote An Adress upon Slave keeping?
Benjamin Rush
52
Why did Benjamin Rush say slaves revolt?
Because they're in slavery
53
Did Benjamin Rush believe slavery could ever be justified in the name of manufacturing?
No
54
Did Benjamin Rush say slaves' capacity for happiness was = to Europeans'? (Edit; double check)
Yes
55
What did Benjamin Rush say God created men and the earth for?
To be free and to use the earth
56
What did Benjamin Rush say about religious arguments for slavery?
They were all false
57
What did Benjamin Rush say we needed to do to do about slavery?
Stop importing slaves, shun people involved in slave trade and slave carrying vessels, have the ones who can work do, but not those who are old or sick (edit: Double check), teach them to read and write, educate in virtue and religion, instruct in some business to maintain themselves, GIVE ALL FREEDOMS AND PRIVELIGES OF BRITISH SUBJECTS
58
What did Tocqueville say about gender, slave/free inequality?
Contradictory to the American regime
58
How did Tocqueville say Aristocrats felt about materialistic comfort?
They had a disdain for it
59
What did Tocqueville believe the problem with materialism was rooted in? (EDIT: Check)
Capitalism
59
Are democratic governments predisposed to materialism?
Yes
60
Do people take pride in work more in aristocracies or democracies? What does society say?
Aristocracies, society supports it
60
Why does Benjamin Rush say we need to rise up against slavery?
It degrades human nature and dissoves ties of benevolence that should unite all people
61
Did Benjamin Rush believe we could have liberty and slavery?
No
62
Who wrote African Slavery in America?
Thomas Paine
63
What did Thomas Paine say was surprising about slavery in America?
There are so many Christians involved in it
64
Did Thomas Paine believe slavery was justifiable?
No
65
What did Thomas Paine say was the most shocking defense of slavery?
Scripture
66
Why did Thomas Paine believe slaves ahd a right to their freedom? What did he think the gvmt should do?
They hadn't foreited it. The gvmt should free them and punish those holding them in slavery
67
What does Thomas Paine say we should do about current slaves?
Don't have old and infirm work, have prudent men and legislators come up with realistic, beneficial measures for them. Maybe rent land, employ and let them have some share of property, repair injuries caused "In the name of Christianity"
68
Who wrote The meaning of the Declaration of Independence?
Abraham Lincoln
69
What did Abraham Lincoln say about equality?
All men should have equal rights, but not all men are equal
70
Why did Abraham Lincoln believe the DOI didn't abolish slavery immediately?
So equality could happen later because they couldn't make it happen then
71
What did Judge Douglas say believe about equality in the DOI?
It referred to "all men" meaning Briths born in America being equal to British born in Britain
72
Who wrote Speeches on Slavery?
John Calhoun
73
What did John Calhoun say about slavery
It was a positive good
74
Did John Calhoun believe abolition could work with the Union?
No
75
Why did John Calhoun believe Africans were well off?
oUR SOCIETY WAS BETTER FOR THEM
76
What did John Calhoun say about the role slavery played in society?
There's never been a wealthy and civilized society without it
77
What did John Calhoun say was the most solid and durable foundatino for free and satble political institutions?
Race relations
78
Why did John Calhoun believe politics in slaveholding states were more stable than in the North? (EDIT: Clarity)
The condition of society in the south exempts them from dangers resulting in conflict
79
Who wrote Sociology for the South?
George Fitzhugh
80
Was George Fitzhugh pro or anti slavery?
Pro-slavery
81
Why did George Fitzhugh support slavery?
He thought it was better than northern capitalism
82
What did George Fitzhugh think of slaves as?
Irresponsible children
83
Does George Fitzhugh believe a system based on liberty and equality will work?
No
84
Does George Fitzhugh believe liberty and equality will enhance the happiness of the people?
No
85
What did George Fitzhugh believe free competition would create
oppression
86
Why did George Fitzhughbelieve free competition was bad?
It would discourage virtue by getting other people to hurtg people at a disadvantage
87
How did George Fitzhugh believe wages screwed over working class? How did this effect the economy as a whole
Worker who will take lowest pay gets hired, people underbid to get employed
Population increases faster than the capitol, people DIE
88
What did George Fitzhugh say equal rights meant for the population as a whole?
Survival of the fittest
89
What did George Fitzhugh say about employers?
More oppressive than kings because they have a more direct influence on the peopl
90
How did George Fitzhugh see Americans as a whole?
Self-centered, immoral, materialistic
91
Did George Fitzhugh believe liberty and equality made people happier?
No
92
Did George Fitzhugh believe slaveholding or free states were better off with business?
Slaveholding
93
How did George Fitzhugh believe slavery affected the character of the people
It elevated the character of the master
94
Did George Fitzhugh believe slaves were cared for?
Yes
95
Did George Fitzhugh believe master and slave would get along?
Yes
96
Why did George Fitzhugh say the north was dependent on the south?
For food and clothing, need to provide for increasing population
97
How is the southern economy doing?
Better
98
How is the northern economy doing?
Worse
99
Did the south always think slavery was wrong?
No
100
Who wrote "Cannibals all"?
George Fitzhugh
101
What did George Fitzhugh think free labor caused?
All against all war
102
Did George Fitzhugh think slaves were happy?
Yes
103
Did George Fitzhugh think slavery or capitalism was more respectable?
Capitalism, because you have people working for you
104
Did George Fitzhughthink free laborers were free? Why?
No, burdened with cares of how to take care of family, etc
105
Did George Fitzhugh think free laborers or slaves got paid better?
Slaves
106
How can you reconcile the founders owning slaves and saying all men are created equal?
They're hypocrites
107
Did Fredrick Douglass believe slave owners know what they were doing?
Yes
108
Who said slavery is damaging to both slave owners and slaves?
Benajmin rush and fredrick douglass
109
What did Rush focus on with his arguments?
Christianity
110
What did Paine focus on with his arguments?
Laws of nature
111
What is Paine's argument agaisnt slavery?
We see other people as equal to ourselves, and we're denying that by keeping slaves.
112
Did Paine think slave owners know what they were doing?
Yes
113
Did the founders want abolition?
Yes
114
How did Lincoln resolve the contradictions in the DOI?
Setting the stage for abolition, but not doing it right now because they don't have the authority
115
Who wrote The Liberator?
William Lloyd Garrison
116
Was William Lloyd Garrison pro or anti slavery?
Anti
117
Was William Lloyd Garrison anti-constitution?
Yes
118
Did William Lloyd Garrison adcovate for Northern secession?
Yes
119
What basis did William Lloyd Garrison have against slavery?
Religious
120
What did William Lloyd Garrison want for slaves?
Immediate voting rights and abolition
121
How did William Lloyd Garrison feel about human governments?
he HATED them
122
Who wrote the Declaration of Anti-slavery society?
William Lloyd Garrison
123
What are the main points in Declaration of Anti slavery society?
We need abolition and rights for ex slaves, no one has a right to own slaves
124
What are the main points in the Liberator?
We need to stop slavery NOW, governments are bad, we need God to rule
125
Is William Lloyd Garrison anti violence?
yes
126
Did William Lloyd Garrison believe Congress had any right to interfere with state sovreignty on behalf of slaves?
No
127
How did William Lloyd Garrison believe we shuold handle slavery?
Stop slave trade and have Congress abolish slavery in territories of its jurisdiction
128
Were free states obligated to take pro slavery actions?
Yes
129
Who wrote Lectures on Slavery?
Fredrick Douglass
130
What are the main points of Lectures on Slavery?
Slavery is horrible, widespread, and damaging to the slaves and the coutnry as a whole
131
How did Fredrick Douglass say slavery affected us?
Prevented freedom of speech, liberty of the press, promoted conditions for its survival, corrupted the church, threated the union
132
Was educating a slave, for the most part, allowed?
No
133
Who wrote What to a Slave is the 4th of July?
Fredrick Douglass
134
What did Fredrick Douglass say the 4th was to a slave
A reminder of the injustice he's exposed to
135
Did Fredrick Douglass believe he was included in the 4th?
No
136
Who wrote the speech at Peoria, Illinois?
Abraham Lincoln
137
What was Abraham Lincoln's first priority?
Preserving the union
138
Did Abraham Lincoln believe repealing the Missouri compromise was a good move? Why?
No, it allwoed slavery to spread more
139
Did Abraham Lincoln believe in gradual emancipation?
No
140
Did Abraham Lincoln believe anyone should have the right to govern another without his consent?
No
141
Who gave the speech on the Dred Scott Decision?
Abraham Lincoln
142
What were the main points on the Speech on the Dred Scott decision?
He disagrees, he'll try to get it overturned, should have racial seperation
143
What were the main points on the speech at Peoria, Illinois?
We need to preserve the union more than we need slavery
144
Where did Abraham Lincoln say the DOI meant for later abolishment?
Speech at Peoria
145
What did the Judge rule for the Dred Scott case
Slaves aren't human enough to have a hearing, daughters can't have consent
146
Did Abraham Lincoln believe in racial integration?
No
147
What position did William Lloyd Garrison take on slavery?
Radical Abolitionist
148
What did William Lloyd Garrison say about secession?
He argued for it
149
Did William Lloyd Garrison think the union could survive with slavery?
No
150
Who did Stephen Douglas believe the DOI referred to?
Only white men
151
How did the founders see slavery?
As a necessary evil (DELETE, probably)
152
How did the founders aim to end slavery? Did it work?
By giving congress the power to ban it after 1808. Yes
153
What did the NorthWest ordinance do?
Prohibited slavery in Northwest
154
Did south always want slavery?
No
155
How did Douglas and South try to defend Kansas-Nebraska?
Popular vote
156
What was Plessy vs Ferguson?
A court case saying "separate but equal" legal
157
What caused Plessy Vs Ferguson?
Passenger refused to sit in train car for blacks
158
What was a concern with racial equality during Plessy Vs ferguson?
Whites would become inferior race
159
What did Justice Harlan say about race and civil rights?
Race shouldn't be a factor when civil rights are at play
160
What did Justice Harlan say about the Plessy vs Ferguson ruling?
He disagreed with it
161
What did Henry Brown sau about social inequality and the Constitution?
It couldn't fix it
162
Who was Henry Brown?
The person who wrote about the Constitution
163
What did Henry Brown say about racial integration?
It should only be done by voluntary consent and mutual appreciation
