Quiz 4 Flashcards by Emily Herrera

Abduction

moving away from midline of body

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Adduction

moving toward midline of body

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dorsiflexion

toes point up toward ankle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Plantar flexion

toes point away from ankle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pronation

face down

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Supination

face up

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is one side effects of steroids? What do steroids do to osteoclast function?

decreased bone density
steroids double the activity of osteoclast function

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do ligaments connect?

bone to bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do tendons connect?

bone to muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the difference between a sprain and a strain?

sprain = ligament
strain = tendon

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

compression of the median nerve (using wrist alot)

unilateral numbness and tingling

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Tinel’s Sign?

percussion over the median nerve = sharp pain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is osteoarthritis?

bone to bone contact during movement = pain and inflammation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe pain with osteoarthritis vs rheumatoid arthritis

OA: pain improves w/ rest
RA: pain improves w/ activity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why are both obesity and being an athlete risk factors for OA?

both putting stress on weight bearing joints

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are assessment findings for OA?

HBC (distal to proximal)
Heberden’s node
Bouchard’s node
CMC joint

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Rheumatoid arthritis?

autoimmune disease
inflammation of joints

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the tx for RA?

DMARDs (methotrexate)
heat or warm baths
physical activity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What should one monitor when taking DMARDs?

opportunistic infections bc drug is immunosuppressant
- fever
- unexplained cough (tuberculosis)
- skin and oral lesions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are assessment findings of RA?

Baker’s cyst - flare up - (behind knee or elbow)
ulnar deviation (late sign)
synovitis in PIP joints
swan neck deformity of joints

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is compartment syndrome?

trauma or casts creates pressure – muscle inflames – muscle dies bc no perfusion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 5Ps of neuromuscular assessment for compartment syndrome?

Pain - out of proportion to injury
Paresthesia
Pulse - late sign - no pulse
Pallor
Paralysis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What can be done to tx compartment syndrome?

fasciotomy

cutting into muscle so muscle can expand

can’t stitch – pack it instead

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is rhabdomyolysis?

breakdown of skeletal muscle from injury, exercise, or muscle contraction

skeletal muscle breaks down–myoglobin in bloodstream–harmful to kidneys–untreated leads to acute kidney injury and/or renal failure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the assessment findings of rhabdomyolysis?

fatigue malaise oliguria (decreased urine) confusion agitation tea-colored urine

Why is a geriatric patient at risk for rhabdomyolysis after a fall?

if found down for days = no water being drank

What is kyphosis?

hunched back (upper spine)

What is lordosis?

inward curvature of lower spine

What is scoliosis?

lateral curvature of spine tx: brace or sx

What is gout?

gouty arthritis attack of pain, inflammation, tenderness of joint bc of uric acid crystal deposits into joint cavity from high uric acid levels in blood

How is gout treated?

chronic gout: allopurinol (hard on kidneys) acute gout: PO steroids, NSAIDs, colchicine

What are the assessment findings of gout?

pain tenderness redness/warmth limited ROM high purine diet (rich person's diet)

What is important to remember when treating post op patients?

pain and trauma from sx can increase serum blood glucose

What is Buck's traction? When is it done?

weight pulls leg straight before sx

What are considerations for post-op THA pts?

avoid bending hip past 90 degrees no crossing legs no making figure 4s abduction pillow

What is Cauda Equina Syndrome?

bilateral lower extremity pain, weakness, and sensory/motor deficits bladder/bowel incontinence (hallmark symptoms) emergency bc if left untreated = permanent

What is used after a total knee arthroplasty? What should one be cautious when using?

CPM machine (continuous passive motion machine) cautious: deep tissue injury or pressure injuries - make sure areas are padded

What is a hemovac drain?

pulls blood out of joint to prevent hemarthrosis which can lead to hematoma

What are used after a total shoulder arthroplasty?

Donjoy or shoulder sling

What is phantom limb pain? What is the tx?

pain in area where there is a missing limb tx: mirror therapy (helps brain come to terms)

What is an external fixator? How is it cleaned?

pins and screws above and below fracture to provide stabilization clean around pins

What is a laminectomy?

removes lamina to decompress the spine

What is a spinal fusion?

joining to or more vertebrae to relieve pain/discomfort

What is a discectomy?

removal of herniated disc to relieve pressure on compressed nerve

What are nursing considerations for post op spine sx pts?

dural tear = pt lies flat 12-24 hrs logrolling to prevent twisting spine always have brace before getting out of bed

Cranial nerve II

2 optic nerve (vision)

Cranial nerve V

5 trochlear nerve (chew)

Cranial nerve VII

7 facial (smiling)

Cranial nerve IX Cranial nerve X

9 glossopharyngeal 10 vagus (swallow)

What is a cerebrovascular accident? What are the types?

stroke Hemorrhagic stroke (build up of pressure) - intracerebral hemorrhage - subarachnoid hemorrhage Ischemic stroke - thrombotic stroke (caused by atherosclerosis) - embolic stroke (screen for smoking - afib) - watershed stroke

What medications are used to prevent CVA?

heparin enoxaparin lovenox

Why does taking birth control put a pt at risk for a clot?

estrogen increases clotting factors

What electrolyte imbalances cause deep tendon reflexes?

calcium and magnesium hyper: hyporeflexia hypo: hyperreflexia

What gait is seen in cerebral palsy?

scissored gait

What is foot drop?

peroneal nerve injury, happens after hip or knee sx can be seen in bed bound pts

What is menigitis?

inflammation of membranes in brain s/s: nuchal rigidity, fever, pain, photophobia, N/V dx: lumbar puncture precautions: droplet

How can you test for menigitis?

assess neck mobility Brudzinski's sign: knees come up when neck is up Kernig's sign: pain when legs straight

Describe epidural and subdural hematoma

epidural: above dura mater (fast bleed) subdural: below dura mater (slow bleed)

What is a consequence with increased intracranial pressure?

brain death - anisocoria - pupils blown

How can ICP be decreased?

craniectomy (skull flap taken to relieve pressure) hypertonic IV fluids - 3% NaCl

Quiz 4 Flashcards

(60 cards)