Quiz 4 Flashcards by 3 3

What makes up the outer fibrous layer?

Sclera posteriorly and cornea anteriorly

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What makes up the middle layer of the internal eye?

Choroid posteriorly, and ciliary body/iris anteriorly

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Inner layer of the internal eye?

Retina

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Is the sclera vascular or avascular ?

Avascular

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What in continuous with the sclera anteriorly ?

Cornea

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What is a major part of the refractive power of the eye?

Cornea

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What makes up the uvea ?

Iris, ciliary body, choroids

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What produces aqueous humor and contains the muscles controlling accommodation ?

Ciliary body

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Is the choroid vascular or avascular ?

Richly vascular

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Contraction or relaxation of the ciliary body changes the thickness of what?

The lens

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What is the sensory network of the eye ?

Retina

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Where does the optic nerve originate?

The optic disc

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When does the eye form during gestation??

8 weeks

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What interprets impulses as visual objects ?

Retina

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Term infants vision is?

Hyperopic 20/400

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When Can a infant differentiate colors?

6 months

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When is adult visual acuity achieved?

4 years old

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When is lacrimal drainage complete?

At birth q

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What is the major physiological eye change that occurs with aging>?

Presbyopia

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What is the order for visual examinations ?

External eye inspection, visual acuity, visual fields, pupillary exam, opthalmascopy

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What should purples be/do?

Pupils are Equal, Round, Reactive, to Light, and Accommodation. (PERRLA)

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How far away is the patient away on the snellen chart?

20 feet

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What is the name for the right eye?

Oculus dextra

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What is the name of the left eye?

Oculus sinistra

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What is the name given to both eyes?

Oculus uterque

If a patients vision gets better by reading through a hole in a 3x5 card what is this called?

Pinhole occluder

What is the name of the card for a close vision test?

Rosenbaum near vision card

The superior oblique is innervated by what nerve?

Trochlear nerve

Lateral rectus is innervated by?

Abducens

For color vision testing what is the name of this test?

Ishihara color vision test

What could one find by testing peripheral vision ?

Occipital strokes, optic chiasm tumors

What degrees do you test peripheral field with?

60 nasal, 90 temporally, 50 superiorly, 70 inferiorly

What are you looking for in accommodation? (Near point reflex)

Convergence causes constriction

What are you looking for when you do the corneal light reflex?

Shine light at nasal bridge, it both eyes are equal, light will be reflected back equally.

What will happen with the indirect/consensual light reflex?

Opposite pupil will contract as well

What is a normal variant in 20%, muscular tone between eyes?

Physiological anisocoria

What is it called when the pupil of the effected eye is smaller, and have ipsilateral ptosis and anhidrosis?

Horners syndrome

What is it called when a Pupil only constricts with accomidation but not response to light?

Argyll Robertson pupil

When is argyle Robertson pupils seen?

Tertiary syphillis, diabetes, and alcoholics, neoplasms.

Is argyll robersons pupils always pathological?

Yes

What is it called when pupil fail to constrict to with both accomidation and and light reflex? May constrict eventually thought ?

Adies pupils

Are Adies pupils benign or malignant?

Benign

What is another name for afferent pupillary defect ?

Marcus Gunn pupil

What is the most common cause of afferent pupillary defect (Marcus Gunn) ?

Optic neuritis

What are causes of optic neuritis ?

TB, MS, lymes disease, CMV, hep B

When doing an opthalmic light eye test what should the intensity be set at ?

70-80%

Patients who are myoptic (near sited) will require what kind of lenses?

Minus or red numbers

Patients who are hyperopic (far sighted will require what lenses?

Green or Plus

What is the last thing your look for in the eye?

Macula

What is an opaque, grayish ring at the periphery of the cornea?

Arcus cornealis

Is Arcus Cornealis common?

Yes

What is the cause of Arcus cornealis?

Fatty granules in, or hyaline degeneration of the lamellae and cells of the cornea

What is another name for a sty?

Hordeolum

What is an inflammation of a lash follicle ?

Sty

What is a plugged meibomian?

Chalazion

What do you distinguish between me Hordeolum and a chalazion >?

Hordeolum is painful, chalazion usually isn't

What do you use to treat a hordeolum and or a chalazion?

Warm compress

What affects the outer lid and is commonly caused by bacteria (staph) and dandruff?

Anterior Blepharitis

What affects the inner lid and is caused by oil or meibomian glands, acne rosacea?

Posterior Blepharitis

Is someone has blepharitis who would you send them to?

Optometrist

What are yellowish plaques that occur near the inner can thus of the eyelid?

Xanthelasma

Xanthelasma is more common where?>

Upper lid

What can cause Xanthelasma ?

Lowered HDL levels, people with Type II hyperlipidemia

What kind of conjunctivitis causes a yellow sticky pus in the eyes? And is highly contagious?

Bacterial

Does a Pterygium/pinguecula interfere with eyesight?

Pterygium (will remove this one)

What is a thickening lateral to the iris?

Pinguecula

What is a wedge shaped growth lateral to the iris?

Pterygium

In what climates are Pterygium and pinguecula seen?

Warm dry

What is another name for a key hole eye?

Coloboma

What is a failure of a fusion on the iris?

Coloboma

Is a Coloboma responsive to the light reflex?

Yes

In what condition do you get a white reflex instead of a red reflex?

Leukocoria

What is the most common cause of leukocoria?

Congenital cataract

What is the most serious cause of "white eye"

Retinoblastoma

What are the 3 major causes of amblyopia ?

Strabismus, unequal focus, cloudiness

What is the most. Common cause of blindness in people under 65?

Diabetes resulting in retinopathy

What is the most important single risk factors for diabetic retinopathy ?

Duration (90% in people who have it more than 15 years)

What is the most common form of diabetic retinopathy?

Nonproliferative diabetic Retinopathy (NDR)

After 20 years of type I diabetes what percent of people have nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy?

100%

After 20 years of type II diabetes what percent of people have nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy?

60%

What are clinical features of NDR?

Micoanyursm, cotton wool spots, exudates

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy is characterized by?

Growth of new vessels on the surface of the retina

What are small yellowish areas of coloration on the retina, because of swelling that cuts off blood supply?

Cotton wool spots

What is often the earliest recognizable sign of diabetic reitnoneuropathy?

Micro aneurysms